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authorLars Wirzenius <liw@liw.fi>2019-11-02 15:09:23 +0200
committerLars Wirzenius <liw@liw.fi>2019-11-02 15:09:23 +0200
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tree0c95753c810e7367a34209e21db7452cba3bd0b8
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+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #1 (October 5-10, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #1, October 5 through 10, 1992
+
+
+ Proudly reporting on Linux since 1992!
+
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+Linux News is an attempt at a weekly news service about what happens
+in the Linux community. Most of the material will probably be
+announcements of new programs or versions of programs, but I will also
+cover things like new ftp sites, Linux articles in the trade press,
+and other things that Linux users should in my opinion be aware of. I
+won't summarize individual problems and their solutions, unless they
+are severe and widespread. I will also try to restrict announcements
+to things that are actually on the ftp sites, and meant for public
+use; testing releases will not be included (most people who are
+probable beta testers will follow comp.os.linux closely anyway).
+
+I hope that Linux News will be useful for people who want to follow
+what is happening around Linux, but don't have the time or energy to
+wade through the high volume of comp.os.linux. Linux News will always
+have a subject like that includes "Linux News" in it, so it should be
+easy to find it. Also, if there is enough interest, I might create a
+channel on the linux-activists mailing list, so that interested
+parties could get it via mail.
+
+The contents of Linux News will be based mainly on postings in
+comp.os.linux. I won't include announcements on mailing lists, since
+those are usually only intended for the testers who read the lists.
+If there is something you want me to include, send it to me via mail.
+Feedback via mail is also greatly appreciated, I would especially like
+to know whether there are people who appreciate this kind of thing (if
+there are none, I will just drop this project).
+
+Note: This is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usnet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check these things, or to find
+pointers to other ftp sites).
+
+For this first issue, I have picked announcements (mainly based on the
+subject lines) from the past few days. I have probably missed
+several.
+
+
+**** News items begin here.
+
+
+October 5. David Wexelblat announced Xfree86 version 1.1, the
+free X server for 386 Unices, including Linux.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/X11.
+ (Source: <1992Oct5.125823.16113@cbnewsj.cb.att.com>)
+
+October 5. H.J. Lu released a bootable rootdisk. This is not the
+same rootdisk that Jim Winstead maintains, but Jim and hlu are
+considering ways to merge the two disks.
+ The disk is based on kernel version 0.98. It only contains a few
+of the basic binaries. Hlu's announcement gave this partial list:
+bash, gnu tar, compress, elvis, doshell, chmod, chown, cp, ls, mv, rm,
+ln, mount, umount, swapon, more, ps, free, mkfs, mkswap, fsck, fdisk.
+There should be enough software to install Linux on a computer, but
+there is little or no documentation. Because of this lack of
+documentation, this rootdisk is may not a good idea unless you are an
+experienced Linux user/installer. Inexperienced users are encouraged
+to try out the MCC and SLS releases.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/rootdisk.
+ (Source: <1992Oct5.201521.9644@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+October 5. H.J. Lu released the Linux Base System, a set of three
+disk images of floppies with the Minix filesystem that contain a lot
+of software. They are intended to be used with hlu's bootable
+rootdisk (see above), and require the 4.1 jump table shared libraries,
+since these disks don't contain the shared library images (good,
+because it saves space, bad because you need to get them from
+elsewhere).
+ Disk 1 contains /bin, /dev and /etc (but ps and friends are on the
+bootable root disk, since they are kernel dependent). The software on
+this disk includes fileutils 3.3, shellutils 1.7, textutils 1.3, tar
+1.10, bash 1.12 (all of these are GNU packages), ldd 1.1, compress
+4.2.3, zsh 2.20, doshell, fdisk 0.93, admutil 1.3, poeigl 1.6, LILO
+0.5, and setfdprm
+ Disk 2 contains /usr, including diff 1.15, find 3.7, grep 1.6,
+fgrep 1.1, make 3.62, gawk 2.13.2, flex 2.3.7, bison 1.18, patch
+2.0.12u7, sed 1.09, elvis 1.6, minicom 1.3.2, rzsz, more, setterm, od,
+strings, and uuencode/uudecode.
+ Disk 3 is a development disk without compiler and library. It has
+crt0.o/gcrt0.o, gdb 4.6, as, ar, gprof, ld, nm, objdump, ranlib, size,
+and strip.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/basedisk.
+ (Source: <1992Oct5.201812.9714@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+
+
+October 6. H.J. Lu told that gcc 2.3 should be released by Richard
+Stallman in a couple of weeks, and that it has Linux support built in.
+ (Source: <1992Oct6.162001.23488@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+October 6. Rick Sladkey released a new version of his port of GNU
+Emacs for Linux. The new version is 8 bit clean, which is useful for
+many Europeans whose alphabet includes letters that are encoded with
+the top bit set. It also has XMenu support for the X11 version. It
+is compiled with libc-4.1 and lixX11-2.1.
+ Changes from the early 4.1 jump table release include TCP/IP
+support with open-network-stream, larger sharable code segment,
+compiled with jump-table library, emacsclient and server work
+correctly, full Berkeley /etc/termcap included.
+ Rick says that if you don't need the new version unless you need
+eight bit I/O, or want the X11 version.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu, nic.funet.fi, and sunsite.unc.edu (directory
+names not given in announcement, but probably the usual directories
+for binaries). Files: emacs-4.1.tar.Z (README and diffs),
+emacs-etc-4.1.tar.Z (support programs), emacs-shared-4.1.tar.Z (non-X
+version and its DOC file), x11emacs-shared-4.1.tar.Z (X11 version and
+its DOC file).
+ (Source: <JRS.92Oct6000657@lepton.world.std.com>)
+
+
+
+October 7. After a longish pause of three months, a new version of
+the FAQ was released by Marc Corsini. It was both posted to the
+newsgroup, and sent to FTP sites. The FAQ maintenance has been
+divided among several people, with the hope of making it possible to
+release new versions more often.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/doc/FAQ_10_05
+ (Source: <1992Oct7.175825.1127@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+October 7. H.J. Lu released a port of ispell 3.09 for Linux. Ispell
+is a spelling checker modelled after the ITS spelling checker. It can
+run both interactively, in batch mode (similar to Unix spell), and
+under GNU Emacs. Hlu distributes his port as a disk image.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/basedisk/ispell309.Z
+ (Source: <1992Oct7.165002.11433@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+
+
+October 8. Peter MacDonald announced that the new version of the SLS
+release (based on the 0.98 kernel) has been uploaded to tsx-11, and
+that a proper announcement will be made shortly, after a few people
+have tested it.
+ (Source: <1992Oct8.223711.496@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+
+October 9. H.J. Lu released gccdisk, a repackaged gcc 2.2.2d7. This
+is not a new version: there are no changes to the compiler or
+libraries, it is only intended as an easier way to install things.
+Gccdisk is meant to be used with the Linux C library disk (see earlier
+note), because gccdisk does not include any shared library images that
+are necessary to run the programs (they use jump table 4.1).
+ There are two disk images of Minix filesystem floppies. The first
+one includes gcc, cpp, cc1, and crt0.o/gcrt0.o, and some header files
+for /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-linux/2.2.2d/include. The second disk has
+cc1plus.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/gccdisk
+ (Source: <1992Oct9.040521.7441@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+October 9. H.J. Lu released a Linux C library disk, with version 4.1
+of the library. Like the gccdisk, this is only a repackage, not a new
+version.
+ Libdisk consists of two disk images of Minix filesystem floppies.
+The first disk contains the shared library images and a few libraries,
+the second one has the header files and the rest of the libraries. To
+get all the required header files, you also need Linux kernel source
+(0.97 pl 6 or above), since some of the header files contain kernel
+version specific information (so those headers are part of the kernel
+sources of the version that they belong to).
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/libdisk
+ (Source: <1992Oct9.040653.7509@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+October 9. David Johnson told that he had hacked gnuplot 3.2 for X11
+under Linux, and had sent the source code to tsx-11; he did not
+provide binaries due to an old compiler and slow upload connections.
+ Leon Dent reported that the patches for 3.1 with VGA also worked
+for him with 3.2.
+ (Source: <1992Oct9.053806.29092@ns1.cc.lehigh.edu>)
+
+October 9. H.J. Lu released a new version of his bootable rootdisk.
+This version is based on kernel version 0.98 pl 1, and also updates
+compress to 4.2.4.
+ There were some problems with corrupt versions on tsx-11, but they
+should be corrected by now. If you downloaded before this date, and
+are having problems, you might want to try downloading again.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/rootdisk
+ (Sources: <1992Oct9.062632.10646@serval.net.wsu.edu>,
+<1992Oct9.184533.18763@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+October 9. Bruno Haible announced that CLISP, a Common Lisp
+implementation, is available for Linux. He says it is mostly CLtL1
+compliant.
+ The files are packed with LHA, so you need a copy of that to
+unpack them.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/lisp, and
+ma2s2.mathematik.uni-karlsruhe.de [129.13.115.2]:/pub/lisp/clisp/linux
+(this latter one is will always contain the newest version).
+ (Source: <1992Oct9.230722.27309@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>)
+
+
+
+October 10. Bruno Haible announced a port of MAXIMA for Linux. It is
+an implementation of Macsyma in Lisp by Bill Schelter, and requires
+CLISP (see above).
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/lisp
+ (Source: <1992Oct10.010541.22905@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>)
diff --git a/linux-news-2 b/linux-news-2
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-2
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #2 (October 10-17, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #2, October 10 through 17, 1992
+
+
+ "Still going strong!"
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- Linux News available via mail
+- SLS 0.98pl1 released, initial problems due to pressure to release early
+- New version of H.J. Lu's Linux Base System adds zip, unzip, tput, file
+- Mailing list for reporting on systems that work or don't work with Linux
+- Program to run multiple sessions over a modem line available
+- Linux in the limelight: a listing of magazines that mention Linux
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+I had some doubts about the market demand for Linux News, and boy was
+I wrong. To date I have received a couple of dozen encouraging mail
+messages. Thanks. Because of this, I have committed myself to doing
+Linux News for the foreseeable future (at least a few months).
+However, don't take that committment too seriously: Linux News is not
+a high priority project for me, and if I do not have time to finish an
+issue, I will postpone it. If possible, though, I will attempt to
+publish an issue some time around every weekend. I am hoping to be
+able to allocate some time each Saturday to put together a new issue,
+but don't count on it. (If you don't see anything for a couple of
+weeks, then ask, but preferably not before.)
+
+I have created a new channel on the Linux-Activists mailing list. It
+is called LINUXNEWS, and I will send each issue to this list as well
+as post it to comp.os.linux. If you are not interested in searching
+through the newsgroup for the article, you can join the mailing list
+channel and get it via mail. In order to do this, send an empty mail
+to
+
+ linux-activists-request@niksula.hut.fi
+
+This will give you a help text for the mailing list (you do want this,
+and you want to save it, in order to be able to get off the list). Then
+send another mail with the following mail body to actually join the
+Linux News channel:
+
+ X-Mn-Admin: join linuxnews
+
+You should get a confirmation in reply.
+
+I plan to start doing a TeX or LaTeX version of Linux News for people
+who want nice hardcopies. There was at least one person requesting
+that, and even offering to do the conversion himself (thanks for the
+offer, and one LaTeXed version). The idea is that in places with
+relatively high concentrations of Linux users (universities, computer
+clubs, etc), it might be worth it to print out one nicely looking
+version, make copies of that, and hand it out to interested parties.
+This could even lure new users to Linux. (If you must know, the real
+reason for doing a typeset version is an excuse to be able to play
+around with TeX/LaTeX, something which I have wanted to do for a long
+time, but haven't done, partly because of a lack of a real project.)
+
+I considered doing a Texinfo version, and played around for with it
+for a few hours, but Texinfo doesn't have enough versatility as a
+typesetting language to give the look that I want (it is more directed
+towards typesetting manuals, not newspapers), nor have I thought of a
+good way to break up things for hypertext. So I will only do (La)TeX
+and plain ascii versions. Unless there is much opposition, I will
+post both to both the newsgroup and the mailing list.
+
+The Finnish University Network had problems with news flow most of the
+week (the central news machine for the network did evil things to its
+hard disks). Because of this, I may have missed some announcements.
+If you find that something is missing, drop me a note (this applies
+always, of course). Also, if you want to be certain that I see an
+announcement in the future, send it to me via mail, and include the
+words "Linux News" in the subject.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release).
+
+
+**** News section
+
+October 10. H.J. Lu released a new version of the Linux Base System.
+The new version includes zip 1.9p1, unzip 5.0, tput 1.0, and the file
+command.
+ The Base System is a set of three Minix filesystem floppies that
+contain many packages, all compiled with the latest compiler and
+libraries. However, it is neither as complete as the MCC or SLS
+distributions, nor as well documented, so it is not as suitable for
+inexperienced people. On the other hand, if you want up to date
+binaries, try it out.
+ LBS is intended to be used with H.J. Lu's bootable root disk, since
+the former lacks the shared library images.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/GCC/basedisk/
+ (Source: <1992Oct10.194038.4413@serval.net.wsu.edu>)
+
+
+October 12. Eugenio Sanchez posted the charter for the CONFIGS
+channel on the linux-activists mailing list. From the charter: ``This
+channel will be devoted to send submissions of systems that have Linux
+already running, AND those that, for any reason, can't get it to work
+yet.''
+ The intention is to create a place where working and non-working
+configurations can be listed. Mr. Sanchez will be collecting
+configurations until November 30, when his account expires.
+ (Source: <6107@mtecv2.mty.itesm.mx>)
+
+
+October 13. Peter Williams announced a recompiled metafont. The new
+version has been compiled using the latest X11 libraries (version
+2.1), and jump table shared libraries (version 4.1). The only binary
+affected is virmf (the only one using X11).
+ FTP: archsci.arch.su.edu.au (129.78.66.1):
+pub/linux/tex-etc/Jump.4.1.version/mf.X2.1.T.Z (the updated binary,
+also included in the current texetc.bin.T.Z package, so you need to
+get only that if you are getting the files for the first time).
+ (Source: <1992Oct13.015559.10299@ucc.su.OZ.AU>)
+
+
+October 14. Jonathan Badger reported that his upload of Sail 5.2
+(some kind of game) is now available on sunsite.unc.edu, and will
+eventually be available on tsx-11.
+ Jonathan commented that ``people must really want games!'', and
+said that porting BSD games isn't very difficult. Perhaps we can look
+forward to a number of new game ports by other people in the future?
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: /pub/Linux/games/sail.tar.Z
+ (Source: <badger.719103159@phylo>)
+
+
+October 14. Nicolai Langfeldt announced his uploads of several
+programs for X11. Ghostscript 2.5.2, a PostScript interpreter that
+can output in a variety of formats, including X11 preview, xcolors, a
+program for X11 to show colors on screen, xviewgl, a program to view
+GL animation files, and xman-groff, a version of xman that uses groff
+(the xman in the Xfree86-1.1 distribution uses nroff).
+ Nicolai said that all ports were trivial, so no sources or patches
+were provided. The packages contain binaries, auxiliary files, and
+any included documentation. The programs were compiled with gcc
+2.2.2d7 for Xfree86-1.1, and use jump tables.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi and tsx-11.mit.edu: gs252.tar.Z, xcolors.Z,
+xviewgl.tar.Z, xman-groff.T.Z. (No directories given in annoucement.)
+ (Source: <1992Oct14.085547.18773@ifi.uio.no>)
+
+
+October 14. Michael O'Reilly said that his program for running
+multiple sessions (including file transfer) over a modem line was up
+for ftp. He claims it is more efficient than SLIP. His program
+features compression and error correction (since his modem doesn't).
+ FTP: tartarus.uwa.edu.au: /pub/oreillym/term061.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1bhdgbINNfhp@tartarus.uwa.edu.au>)
+
+
+October 15. The eagerly awaited update of SLS to version 0.98 came
+this week. The first versions had problems with file permissions and
+similar things, but things should have settled down now and the
+current version should be fairly ok. The kernel is version 0.98pl1.
+ Peter MacDonald, who does the SLS release, reports that most of the
+problems were due to doing a release too quickly, and that that was
+because of to too many people putting pressure on him to release
+quickly, and notes that patience is a major virtue for Linux users.
+Hopefully people will be a bit more patient in the future, so that new
+releases don't have to be followed by several fixes in a couple of
+days.
+ If you have downloaded some of the earlier versions of 0.98, you
+can update using the SLS update mechanism (see SLS documentation),
+instead of getting everything again. [ There was a new fix announced
+October 16. It fixes an installation problem with soft links. Get
+the newest a4/zafixtaz or Perms.fix. ]
+ SLS is an easily installed Linux distribution package, with all of
+the important (and much of the unimportant) software included in a
+hopefully coherent whole. SLS and MCC (another similar package) are
+the recommended starting places if you are new to Linux.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux/SLS/
+ (Source: <1992Oct15.140231.24734@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+October 15. R. Ramesh announced his upload of a kermit binary to
+tsx-11. This is version 5A(183), and is compiled with gcc 222d7 and
+jump 4.1.
+ This is a beta version of kermit. The original source supports
+Linux (makefile target linuxgcc2), so porting is not needed.
+ Ramesh also said that he had uploaded groff 1.05 and utila-1.0
+compiled with gcc 2.2.2d7 and jump table 4.1, but that announcement
+had disappeared. Further, he said that the faith_FSF stuff on tsx-11
+should no longer be used, since they have been made obsolete newer
+uploads.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu (filename not given in announcement),
+watson.cc.columbia.edu: /kermit/sw/ck183.tar.Z (original source)
+ (Source: <1992Oct15.152945.10690@utdallas.edu>)
+
+
+October 15 and 16. Peter Williams said that he had made a binaries of
+version 5.495 of dvips (a TeX .dvi file to PostScript converter)
+available.
+ He said that the compilation is straightforward, but that it
+requires the standard Unix line editor ed, which is not very common on
+Linux systems. He did point to a version available on tsx-11.
+ FTP: archsci.arch.su.edu.au (129.78.66.1):
+pub/linux/tex-etc/Jump.4.1.version/dvips5495.T.Z (Linux binaries);
+labrea.stanford.edu: pub/dvips5495.tar.Z, pub/dvips5493lib.tar.Z
+(original sources); tsx-11.mit.edu: pub/linux/apps/ed.c (ed source for
+Linux)
+ (Sources: <1992Oct15.234923.18691@ucc.su.OZ.AU>
+<1992Oct16.023526.964@ucc.su.OZ.AU>)
+
+
+**** Xref section
+
+Linux has been mentioned and is expected to be mentioned in the near
+future in various magazines. This is a summary of what has been
+discussed on comp.os.linux and sent to me via mail. I have not been
+able to verify most of the reports, since I do not have access to most
+of these magazines (neither does Linus, btw; he probably doesn't mind
+getting a copy, hint, hint). If you know of additional articles (or
+books :-), send me a note.
+
+iX, a small German magazine, had an article in issue ??? about Linux.
+(This one I have seen.)
+
+Computer Shopper, a US publication (I think), has an article in the
+September issue that compares Unices for 386's and mentions Linux and
+386BSD shortly.
+
+SuperASCII, a Japanese magazine, has an article in VOL.3 #10 October
+1992. This is a comparison of BSD, Mach, Linux, and others. Linux
+gets 8 pages, including instructions on how to get and install it.
+
+UnixWorld and Unix Review, two American magazines, mention Linux in
+their October issues (only a line each or so, though).
+
+Algorithm, a hobbyist magazine, devotes most of its MicroScope column
+to Linux in the October-November issue. The column is written by
+Claude Morin.
+
+C'T, a German magazine, has an article on Linux in the November issue
+(out October 15). The article is reported to be pretty positive. I
+was told that it discusses Linux in general, history, development,
+properties, hardware requirements, features, some of the available
+software, and how to get it via FTP, but not installation, or newbie
+advice. It also discusses the distributed development.
+
+ComputerTotaal, probably a Dutch magazine, will have an article about
+Linux in the December issue, by Hans Oey and Joost Helberg.
+
+Source posts:
+<1992Oct14.181622.16550@fwi.uva.nl>
+<WIDMER.92Oct15172317@sas.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
+<1992Oct15.135102.20986@cs.ucla.edu>
+<2950@nlsun1.oracle.nl>
+<Bw6Gsn.9p1@ais.org>
+<1992Oct16.031804.18362@julian.uwo.ca>
diff --git a/linux-news-3 b/linux-news-3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d22be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-3
@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #3 (October 18-26, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #3, October 18 through 26, 1992
+
+
+ "The nightmare continues"
+
+
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- Kernel 0.98.pl2 is out, but not very usable due to new error trapping
+- ed is here, editor wars are over
+- man pages for SLS
+- Pirates BBS v1.9 available
+- new RaWrite available
+- xv 2.21 available
+- Newspak available
+- Kernel 0.98.pl3 is also out, with NULL pointer fixes
+- more magazine articles
+- Wizardly interview
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+As you may have noticed, it isn't Saturday, which means that this issue
+is a bit late. Sorry about that. The reason (but not an aplogoy, I
+told you this was going to happen!) is that I decided I'd better keep
+deadlines for studies instead. (Incidentally, the same thing happened
+to Linus, which caused 0.98.pl3 to be a few days late.)
+
+Because of the lateness, and because I was somewhat busy and tired
+during the weekend (up for 32 hours Sunday to Monday, returned the
+report on the school project 5 minutes before deadline), I have probably
+not been able to catch many announcements. I have also not been very
+motivated today to write extensive summaries, so some of the
+announcements are very short (I slept for about 13 hours, but I'm still
+sleepy).
+
+For those waiting for a typeset version of Linux News: you'll have to
+wait some more. I have made typeset versions of issues 1 and 2, but the
+look is not necessarily what I want: it doesn't particularly look like a
+newsletter, nor is it particularly inviting. I will see if I can get
+some expert help in designing a better look (if you have experience with
+making a layout for newsletters, I'd like to hear from you).
+
+Issue 2 added an section that lists magazine articles that mention
+Linux. This issue adds an interview section. Hopefully this section
+will be appearing again, if I can get the energy to do a new interview
+(not that this one was particularly tiresome), and can find new victims.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release).
+
+
+**** News section
+
+
+October 18. Linus released kernel version 0.98 patchlevel 2. He made
+available both the full source and diffs from patchlevel 1. New in
+this version:
+ * The new version contains a new FPU-emulator by Bill Metzenthen.
+Bigger than the old one by Linus, but instead of only doing a few of
+the most important instructions, it emulates the whole 387 instruction
+set. It is also much faster than the old emulator + the soft math
+library. The new emulator will make a separate soft-float library
+unnecessary, which should simplify GCC distribution a bit.
+ * Minor memory management fixes. Actually, one of the minor fixes,
+the trapping of kernel NULL dereferences, proved to break a lot code.
+While this is normally a bad thing, in this case it is very good,
+since it made a lot of kernel or driver bugs show up. Unfortunately,
+0.98.pl2 is not necessarily usable on many computers, since the kernel
+bugs creep up too often.
+ * SCSI driver changes by Eric Youngdale. Mostly bug-fixes.
+ * Some TCP/IP patches. TCP/IP is still alpha, has not been
+extensively tested, and is probably not up to real use yet.
+ * Psaux mouse patches by Dean Troyer.
+ Starting with this version, Linus will no longer be making
+bootdisks. That task will be taken over by H.J. Lu and Jim Winstead.
+ Note: 0.98.pl3 was also announced, see later in this issue.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/testing/Linus/ (you need to cd to
+it blindly, since testing is unreadable).
+ (Source: <1992Oct18.144546.28249@klaava.Helsinki.FI>)
+
+
+October 19. Peter Williams announced a debugged version of ed, the
+Unix line editor, courtesy of Bill Metzenthen. ed is used mostly by
+patch and shell scripts. In the early days of Unix (when paper
+teletypes were common) ed was used as the primary editor (these are
+referred to as ``the good old times''). Actually, that was the editor
+that the Linux News editor used when his modem was 1200 bps and his
+terminal program didn't work (these are not referred to as TGOT).
+ FTP: archsci.arch.su.edu.au (129.78.66.1): pub/linux/apps/ed.tar.Z
+(both source and binary).
+ (Source: <1992Oct19.232055.29209@ucc.su.OZ.AU>)
+
+
+October 20. Peter MacDonald announced an update to SLS. It contains
+manual pages that were accidentally removed in a previous release.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: disk b5 (presumably under pub/linux/SLS/)
+ (Source: <1992Oct20.021600.28568@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+October 20. David Black announced Pirates BBS v1.9 for Linux. It is
+a multiuser bulletin board system. Working kernel TCP/IP is required,
+and 10 MB of disk space is recommended.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/Incoming: pbbs-1.9.tar.Z
+ (Source: <dbu102yi26St01@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com>)
+
+
+October 20. Olaf Erb announced Wampes with Linux support. The
+announcement didn't describe what it was.
+ FTP: ucsd.edu:/hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming/wampes-921019.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1992Oct20.180014.13048@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>)
+
+
+October 20. Thomas Dunbar announced a port of GNU's free-standing
+info file reader. This package allows you to read the GNU on-line
+documentation, instead of doing it from within GNU Emacs. Also
+included are makeinfo and texindex, used for formatting info files
+from texinfo source code.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/packages/TeX/Info.tar.Z (source
+code), Info.Z and makeinfo.Z (binaries).
+ (Source: <8489@vtserf.cc.vt.edu>)
+
+
+October 21. Mark Becker, the author of RaWrite, announced a new
+version. The new version is supposed to run on ``nearly everything
+claiming to be compatible with the original IBM-PC''.
+ RaWrite is an MS-DOS utility that is used to write out disk images
+(e.g. bootdisks) onto floppies. Under Linux the equivalent command is
+``dd if=diskimage of=/dev/fd0'' (if you want to write to the first
+floppy). It is not possible to just copy the floppy image file to the
+floppy under MS-DOS, since that will require the floppy to have the
+DOS filesystem on it, which means that the disk will have extraneous
+stuff on it, not just the parts in the image file.
+ FTP: ftp.ai.mit.edu: pub/mbeck/rawrite3.zip
+ (Source: <29679@life.ai.mit.edu>)
+
+
+October 21. Larry Butler announced an upload of xv 2.21 binaries. There
+was trouble with his first upload (compiled with debugging and hence
+very large binaries), but that got fixed quickly.
+ xv is a program for X that displays pictures in several different
+formats.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: /pub/Linux/Incoming/
+ (Source: <1992Oct21.045610.5294@cs.tulane.edu>)
+
+
+October 23. Matthew Lewis announced an upload of dclock, an X clock
+with alarm.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: /pub/Linux/Incoming/dclock.taz
+ (Source: <1ca2b1INN1ht@usenet.INS.CWRU.Edu>)
+
+
+October 25. Toomas Losin announced tvgalib, a graphics library for
+Trident 8900C cards. This is based on the vgalib library, which is for
+generic VGA. Neither requires or has anything to do with X or other
+windowing systems.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu (final pathname not given)
+ (Source: <16746@mindlink.bc.ca>)
+
+
+October 26. Qi Xia announced a new program cksum, a (mostly) Posix
+conforming checksum program (not compatible with Unix sum).
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/Incoming
+ (Source: <1992Oct26.172852.23913@sol.ctr.columbia.edu>)
+
+
+October 26. Vince Skahan announced an upload of Newspak v1.0. It is a
+package of programs related to Usenet news ported to Linux. The
+included programs are: C-news (12/22/91), tin (1.1pl4), trn (2.2), smail
+(3.1.28).
+ Newspak uses programs from Mailpak (by Ed Carp), which provided uucp
+and mail for Linux. (You don't necessarily need Mailpak, if you have
+equivalent programs otherwise, e.g. from SLS.)
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/Incoming/newspak/ (probably moved
+elsewhere by the time you read this)
+ (Source: <1992Oct26.153845.215@victrola.sea.wa.us>)
+
+
+October 26. Thomas Dunbar announced TeX packaged as an SLS package.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/packages/SLS/t[1-5]
+ (Source: <8748@vtserf.cc.vt.edu>)
+
+
+October 27. Linus Torvalds (a.k.a. the Grand Wizard) announced patches
+for kernel 0.98.3. No complete sources as of this writing (should come
+up soon).
+ The new version should correct most of the kernel NULL pointer
+reference problems (see earlier announcement).
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/testing/Linus/linux-0.98.patch3.Z
+ (Source: <1992Oct27.040101.28497@klaava.Helsinki.FI>)
+
+
+**** Xref section
+
+Last week I had compiled a list of magazines that mention Linux. I
+have since then received a couple of updates, listed below. I will
+make a complete list in some future issue.
+
+If you know of any additional articles, please send me a note that
+tells which magazine and issue the article is in. Page numbers would be
+nice too.
+
+I am usually unable to verify the information, since I have access
+only to a rather small number of magazines.
+
+
+CVu, the magazine of the C User Group (UK), has had regular articles (or
+columns) about Linux for about the last six months. I received an
+e-mailed copy of one article, which contained updates about various
+parts of and projects around Linux (TCP/IP, distributions, etc).
+
+The Computer Journal, a small American magazine, has also mentioned
+Linux in several issue. The magazine was described to me in a way that
+made it sound very much oriented towards hackers: one recent article
+described how to build an IDE disk controller for CP/M. (They obviously
+cover more than CP/M.)
+
+
+*** Interview
+
+Why is Linux News better than BYTE, CACM, the National Inquirer, and
+sliced bread? We interview Linus! In this first-ever, breathtaking,
+revealing interview, the Grand Wizard Linus tells it all! Well,
+almost...
+
+
+LN: Tell us a bit of yourself and your background. Age,
+ education, occupation, family, pets, hobbies, computing
+ history, etc.
+
+Linus: Hmm. I'm 22 (as some avid kernel source readers have already
+ found out: there is a hidden clue in there somewhere...), and am
+ (slowly) working my way towards a fil.kand (MSc? whatever) in
+ computer science at the University of Helsinki. I'm currently
+ in my fourth year (hmm.. fifth, but one was spent in the army)
+ of studies, and I expect to sit here studying for a long time to
+ come.
+
+ I still live at home (which is why I can afford to work on Linux
+ and study at the same time without working too) with my (100%
+ white) cat (Mithrandir, but it's called everything from "randi"
+ to "klomppen" depending on my mood) and my sister and mother.
+ The fun never ends.
+
+ I started with computers (a VIC-20) when I was about 11, first
+ with BASIC, then learning 6502 machine code (assemblers are for
+ wimps). I looked on with envy while my friends got their C-64's
+ (I didn't have any more money then than I have now), but was
+ eventually able to get a Sinclair QL and get some real
+ programming done under a multitasking (albeit somewhat weird)
+ system.
+
+ On the sinclair QL I continued to program in assembly (The QL
+ BASIC (SuperBasic) was ok, but I wasn't interested), and I wrote
+ various more-or-less useless programs (ranging from a FORTH
+ compiler and an editor-assembler system of my own to pac-man to
+ a msdos compatible floppy disk driver). The QL was a fun
+ machine, but there weren't very many of them in Finland, and
+ although I was generally happy to write my own programs (still
+ am), it did teach me to buy hardware that actually is supported.
+
+LN: When and why did you start writing Linux?
+
+Linus: I took this course on UNIX and C at the university in the fall
+ of 1990, and I got hooked. I had naturally seen some of the
+ PC-contemptibles running msdos, and I was relatively happy with
+ my QL, although some of the 386's were a lot faster. But one of
+ the books we read during the course was "Operating Systems,
+ Design and Implementation" by Tanenbaum, and that way I learnt
+ about Minix. I wanted my home machine to have a similar setup
+ to the suns at the university, and Minix seemed like a good
+ candidate.
+
+ So when I had scrounged up enough money, I bought myself an
+ AT-386 compatible machine (well.. I didn't have enough money,
+ so I'm still paying on it, but it seems I'll get enough money
+ for Linux to finally pay off the last rates). I had long since
+ decided that anything less than a 386 wasn't worth it, and with
+ Minix on it, I thought I'd have a nice enough system.
+
+ As it turned out, Minix wasn't available in Finland (at least I
+ wasn't able to find it easily), so while I got my machine on
+ January 5th 1991 (easy date to remember due to the monthly
+ payments :-), I was forced to run DOS on it for a couple of
+ months while waiting for the Minix disks. So Jan-Feb was spent
+ about 70-30 playing "Prince of Persia" and getting aquainted
+ with the machine.
+
+ When Minix finally arrived, I had solved "PoP", and knew a
+ smattering of 386 machine code (enough to be able to get the
+ machine into protected mode and sit there looping). So I
+ installed Minix (leaving some room for "PoP" on a DOS
+ partition), and started hacking.
+
+ Getting Minix wasn't altogether a pleasant experience: the
+ keyboard bindings were wrong, and it didn't exactly act like the
+ suns I was used to (ugghh. I *hate* the bourne shell for
+ interactive work). The keyboard was easy to correct (although I
+ didn't like the Minix keyboard driver code), and applying Bruce
+ Evans' 386-patches made the system a bit more "real".
+
+ So somewhere around March-91, I had a 386 system running
+ Minix-386, and I was able to install awb's gcc-1.37.1 port.
+ After that, I was able to port bash to the resulting mess, and
+ things looked a bit better. I also spent my time generally
+ fooling around (porting gcc-1.40 and various other programs),
+ and kept on learning about the 386 while doing so (writing small
+ boot-disks that would set up a protected mode environment and
+ print out various inane messages).
+
+ I had noticed by that time that Minix wasn't enough even with
+ the 386 patches (various troublesome problems: no job control,
+ ugly memory management, no fpu support etc). So I slowly
+ started to try to make something out of my protected mode
+ trials, and the result is Linux.
+
+LN: Please give a short summary of the history of Linux.
+
+Linus: Difficult. "Linux" didn't really exist until about August-91 -
+ before that what I had was essentially just a very basic
+ protected mode system that had evolved from a glorified "Hello
+ world" program into a even more glorified terminal emulator.
+ Linux stopped for quite a while at the terminal emulator stage:
+ I played around with Minix, and used my protected mode program
+ to read news from the univerity machine. No down/upload, but it
+ did a fair vt100 emulation, and did it by using two tasks which
+ communicated from keybodard->modem and modem->screen.
+
+ By mid-summer -91, "Linux" was able to read the disk (joyful
+ moment), and eventually had a small and stupid disk driver and a
+ simple buffer cache. So I started out trying to make a
+ filesystem, and used the Minix fs for simple practical reasons:
+ that way I already had a file layout I could test things on.
+ After some more programming (talk about glossing things over), I
+ had a very simple UNIX that had some of the basic
+ functionalities of the real thing: I could run small
+ test-programs under it.
+
+ By that time I looked around for some standards texts - I
+ decided early on that I didn't want to write the user-level
+ programs, and that in order to easily port things I'd either
+ have to make the new system compatible with Minix (ugghh) or
+ follow some other kind of standard. What I wanted was a POSIX
+ guide, not so much to be 100% posix, but in order not to do
+ anything really stupid I'd regret later.
+
+ My quest for the posix standards failed, as the posix standard
+ committee sells the standard to feed itself as I found out, but
+ I did get a good pointer to the (then very alpha and
+ unsupported) GNU libc.a, which had an early manual accompanying
+ it. The manual was of some help, but the biggest help was
+ actually the contact to the person who pointed it out to me:
+ arl@sauna.hut.fi. He was/is the organizer of the pub/OS
+ subdirectory at nic.funet.fi, and was interested in giving Linux
+ a home at nic.
+
+ Back then, I was only idly thinking about making my system
+ available (and I had no real time-table), but arl happily
+ created a pub/OS/Linux subdirectory at nic, and thus also gave
+ the system it's name. I wasn't really ready for a release yet,
+ so the directory contained just a README for about a month
+ ("this directory is for the freely distributable Minix clone" or
+ something like that). Arl probably thought the project wouldn't
+ come to anything.
+
+ Anyway, around the end of August-91 or so, I had a system that
+ actually worked somewhat: I was able to run the Minix shell
+ (recompiled with new libraries) under it, and some other things
+ also worked. I released Linux-0.01 in September, telling about
+ it by mail to those who had shown interest in it when I asked
+ around on the minix newsgroup. 0.01 was a source-only release,
+ and I don't think anybody actually compiled it, but it was a
+ statement of intent, and people could look at the sources if
+ they wished. I don't think more than about 5-10 people ever
+ looked at it - I wasn't yet too happy about it, so I didn't
+ announce it publically anywhere.
+
+ A few weeks later (October 5th by the minix news-archives), I
+ had gotten my act together sufficiently to release 0.02, along
+ with a couple of binaries you could run under Linux (bash, gcc,
+ update and sync, I believe). It still needed minix-386 to
+ compile the kernel, as the harddisk parameters were hardcoded
+ into the hd driver, but I know some people had it up and
+ running: arl even sent me some ftp-statistics about it (which
+ I've sadly deleted by now). Gcc wasn't reliable under linux
+ yet: it couldn't compile big files due to various buffer-cache
+ problems, but you could get small programs going even under
+ 0.02.
+
+ Not much later, I released 0.03, which actually worked pretty
+ well - the buffer cache mostly worked, as did most other things.
+ Heady with my unexpected success, I called the next version
+ 0.10, and by that time I already got comments from early
+ beta-testers, as well as actual patches. The linux community
+ wasn't much: maybe 10-20 minix users who enjoyed hacking a new
+ kernel.
+
+ After 0.10 came 0.11, and things were pretty much plain sailing.
+ The system was stable enough to be used for further
+ developement, and it was "just" a matter of correcting bugs and
+ extending the system. I added swapping to the system in three
+ days just before X-mas 91, and was finally able to say that I
+ was no longer playing catch-up with Minix. The swapping code
+ was ugly and not very well tested: it actually had bad bugs in
+ it until I needed it myself when X11 came around, but it was
+ something of a milestone. The next version (0.12) came out
+ exactly (?) one year after I bought my computer (Jan 5th -92),
+ and it was the version that finally got popular: by that time it
+ was a very much valid alternative to Minix, and people started
+ getting interested.
+
+ Later versions (0.95 etc) have had a lot of new features, and
+ quite a few bug-fixes. There have also been major re-writes
+ (first the fs was slowly changed to have a vfs layer, then the
+ kernel sleep/wakeup primitives got rewritten, and then the mm
+ got restructured). In spite of that, I think 0.12 was what
+ might have been called 1.0 - it had the basic features, and
+ worked.
+
+LN: Have you enjoyed the past year and a half? Have you liked some
+ things especially, have there been things you haven't liked?
+
+Linus: It's definitely been fun. Things have changed pretty radically:
+ the early couple of months were solitary hacking runs with 5-10
+ reboots a day to check out bugfixes/features - seeing the system
+ evolve noticeably in a relatively short time. Now, most of my
+ Linux hacking time goes into design (new features do take some
+ more thought now) and/or administrative things like keeping up
+ with linux mails etc - it's seldom a question of 40+ hours a
+ week of pure hacking.
+
+ Getting mail (within limits) is fun: especially if it's 99%
+ positive, as it has been. And people have been generally
+ enthusiastic, sending patches, ideas, requests for features,
+ etc. There are downsides: before the newsgroup got founded, I
+ often got more than 70 mails a day. Things have calmed down
+ significantly: while I still get 20-40 mails per day, many of
+ them are from the mailing-lists and not to me personally, so
+ that I can essentially ignore them if they aren't interesting.
+
+ Negative things have been mostly due to driver problems: while
+ people have been very nice about it, it's still not fun getting
+ mail about "the system from hell that ate all their files".
+ Especially if I haven't had a clue about what could be wrong.
+ Other problems have included just lack of time and different
+ priorities: some people have gotten impatient when I haven't
+ included some special feature or other. I usually need some
+ kick-starting if it's not something I'm especially interested
+ in.
+
+LN: Why is Linux copylefted? The copyright was different in the
+ early versions. Why did it change? Do you support the GNU view
+ of software in general? What are your feelings about freeware,
+ shareware, and commercial software?
+
+Linus: One of the basic principles has always been being that it should
+ be freely distributable without any money-begging. I generally
+ dislike shareware: I feel guilty about not paying, so I don't
+ use it, but on the other hand it is irritating to know that it's
+ there. Illogical, but that's how I feel.
+
+ Early versions of Linux had a very strict copyright: it
+ disallowed any payments at all (not even copying costs etc),
+ while otherwise being similar to the GNU copyleft (ie freely
+ distributable assuming full source is made available). It was
+ probably an over-reaction to the dislike I felt against the way
+ Minix had been set up: I thought (and still do) that Minix would
+ have been better off had it been freely available by ftp or
+ similar.
+
+ The copyright got changed with version 0.12, as there were a
+ couple of mails even back then asking about the possibility of a
+ copying service or similar. After removing that clause from the
+ copying conditions, I essentially had the GNU copyleft (without
+ the legal verbiage), so I decided I might as well use the
+ copyleft as-is. And as Linux depended (still does) heavily on
+ copylefted programs, it's only natural that the kernel should be
+ copylefted as well.
+
+LN: When are you planning the 1.0 release, and what do you expect it
+ to include?
+
+Linus: I've planned the 1.0 release for a long time, and I've always
+ waited just a bit longer. Right now my final deadline is
+ "before X-mas", but I hope it would be ready before December.
+ No major new features: I want some cleanups and to get rid of
+ bugs, but it's nothing special I'm waiting for right now.
+
+LN: How do you feel about Minix, 386BSD, and Hurd and their authors?
+ Are they rivals, or or allies?
+
+Linus: 386BSD and Hurd are most definitely allies - I'll be happy to
+ help them any way I can (for 386BSD I was already able to help
+ with the math-emulator, and I've been in contact with some
+ others re: vm86 etc). If 386BSD had been available a year
+ earlier, I would probably never have started on Linux, but as it
+ is, I'm happy to say that 386BSD didn't automatically mean that
+ Linux wasn't worth it. Both 386BSD and Linux have their points,
+ and I naturally think Linux is more fun.
+
+ As to Hurd, I don't know when it will be ready nor what it will
+ look like. But it will be different enough that I don't think
+ there is any point in considering it a rival. I doubt Linux
+ will be here to stay, and maybe Hurd is the wave of the future
+ (and maybe not), but at the very least it's an interesting
+ project.
+
+ Minix... Hmm. It's no longer a rival, unless ast does
+ something really unexpected with it - the niches are simply too
+ different. Linux won't work on many machines that Minix runs
+ happily on (x86, x<3, amiga, mac etc), and even on a 386, Minix
+ is still probably preferable as a teaching tool due to the book.
+ But for anybody who used Minix to actually get a UNIX
+ environment at home, I don't see any reason to stay with it, as
+ both 386BSD and Linux are free and give much better features.
+
+ On the other hand, I have to admit to a very unbecoming (but
+ understandable, I hope) feeling of glee when I saw that
+ c.o.linux had finally more readers than c.o.minix. There was a
+ heated discussion about Linux on the Minix newsgroup back when
+ c.o.linux (actually, alt.os.linux at that time) had just begun,
+ and ast tried to ridicule it (one of his comments on c.o.minix
+ being that I wouldn't have passed his course in OS design with
+ such a bad system..). Ast and I mailed about it, and it left a
+ slightly bitter after-taste.
+
+LN: The Jolitzes suggested a while ago a contest between 386BSD and
+ Linux, what do you think about it?
+
+Linus: I don't necessarily think it would be a good idea: I cannot
+ imagine how it would be "judged" or whatever. The only contact
+ Linux and 386BSD has had has been only positive (aside from
+ occasional flame-wars, but it's a religious argument..), and I
+ don't think there is any need to try to get any kind of rivalry
+ going. The argument seems to have been that such a contest
+ would make both systems better, but I frankly doubt that is the
+ case: both 386BSD and Linux will evolve even without any special
+ contest held between them, and a contest would just result in
+ more rivalry and flame-wars.
+
+ Linux and 386BSD have totally different goals - 386BSD wants to
+ be BSD, while Linux just is whatever we make of it. 386BSD was
+ helpful in giving me some ideas (I read the Jolitz column in DDJ
+ with interest), and while it's a bit scary to have a big and
+ well known UNIX kernel that fills a similar niche as Linux,
+ there is no reason to choose one over the other on a larger
+ scale. People will prefer one or the other, and if either shows
+ itself to be much better/popular, so be it.
+
+LN: What about the future? Are you planning to support Linux, or do
+ you intend to retire and let it survive by itself?
+
+Linus: I'm most certainly going to continue to support it, until it
+ either dies out or merges with something else. That doesn't
+ necessarily mean I'll make weekly patches for the rest of my
+ life, but hopefully they won't be needed as much when things
+ stabilize.
+
+LN: Are you going to write a book about Linux? Or a detailed
+ history, > with all the gory details revelead?
+
+Linus: I don't like writing documentation, and writing a book is
+ certainly not planned. There is some pressure for me to write a
+ history, hope this interview will server at least partly as one.
+ And there certainly won't be any gory details: if there were,
+ I've already forgotten them (or flushed them: I have sadly
+ deleted my correspondence with ast along with all other old
+ mail. I simply don't have room for it, and I'm too lazy to back
+ it up.)
+
+LN: Is Linux your dream operating system? Are there things that you
+ dislike, or would like to do differently, if you would start
+ over from scratch?
+
+Linus: There are things I'd like to change - but then it wouldn't be
+ UNIX any more. There are good points to a microkernelish design
+ and distributed systems: I just haven't got the resources to do
+ anything about it. I'd like to do a more exotic system, with
+ better support for pending I/O, distribution of processes etc,
+ but with just one 386 at home, I'm not likely to do anything
+ about it in the next few years. And maybe I'll have found a new
+ area of interest by then anyway..
+
+ But in general, I think Linux does what I was looking for pretty
+ well. There are details I dislike in the kernel, but the basic
+ ideas have worked well, and there are no major ugly warts in the
+ Linux design. So in that way it is kind of a dream system -
+ just enough problems to keep up the interest, and keep it
+ evolving. No program is ever perfect, and operating systems are
+ interesting programs: there are a lot of things you have to keep
+ track of, and a lot of different ways you can solve the
+ problems. Linux does it one way: 386BSD has many basic
+ similarities in design, but some major differences in
+ implementation. Then there are OS's like Hurd (well, Mach right
+ now) and Amoeba which have a totally different design strategy,
+ giving different problems and solutions. There may be one right
+ way of doing things, but I doubt it: and Linux doesn't do too
+ badly.
diff --git a/linux-news-4 b/linux-news-4
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bef600e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-4
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #4 (October 26 - November 6, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #4, October 26 through November 6, 1992
+
+
+ "The rumors our demise are exaggarated"
+
+
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- comp.os.linux splitting in voting stage
+- xsysinfo
+- kernel 0.98 pl3
+- LILO version alpha.6
+- Updates to SLS
+- tvtwm
+- Xview3 libraries and tools
+- poeigl 1.7 and admutil 1.4
+- Linus got some money
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+This issue is even more late than the previous one. I haven't had
+time and energy to do very much about Linux News (and a bunch of other
+things), so I missed last week completely, and even now this issue is
+rather quickly done. Sorry about that.
+
+A major thing happening in comp.os.linux right now is the vote for
+splitting the group into subgroups. This has been discussed sometimes
+quite heatedly for a long time, and I won't say much more about it,
+except that I personally hope for at least the creation of
+comp.os.linux.announce, if only because it would make it easier for me
+to do Linux News (I wouldn't have to hunt for announcements, I could
+just pick them from one newsgroup).
+
+
+**** Legalese
+
+Linux News can be copied, re-published, printed, hung on walls, used
+as toilet paper, and used in any other way you wish. If you
+distribute LN outside comp.os.linux and the LINUXNEWS channel, please
+tell me: the more people I know are reading LN, the more eager I am to
+put energy into it.
+
+In fact, if you read Linux News, and think that it is a Good Thing,
+and you want to make me happier, send me a post card to the following
+address:
+
+ Lars Wirzenius
+ Ohratie 16 C 198
+ SF-01370 VANTAA
+ Finland
+
+(Letter bombs, as long as they are marked as such, can go to the same
+address. :-)
+
+I take no responsibility whatsoever for any information in Linux News,
+or any problems due lack of information. If you get killed due to
+Linux News, mail me, and I'll feel sorry for you, but that's just
+about all I can do.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release).
+
+
+**** News section
+
+
+October 27. Gabor Herr announced xsysinfo, a program for X that
+displays information about kernel parameters in a graphical form. The
+displayed values are CPU load, CPU idela, memory size, cache size, and
+swap size.
+ The program requires Linux 0.98 (or later), a working ps (0.97.6 or
+later), the 4.1 jump libs and XFree 1.1.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: xsysinfo-1.0.tar.Z (in /incoming at time of
+announcement, final directory not known);
+sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/Incoming/.
+ (Source: <1992Oct27.111232.35261@news.th-darmstadt.de>)
+
+
+October 27. Linus Torvalds announced version 0.98, patchlevel 3 of
+the kernel. Both context diffs and full source are available.
+ 0.98 pl3 fixes the following things:
+ * all known NULL-pointer problems (see announcement of 0.98pl2 in
+Linux News #3)
+ * minor 387-emulation problems
+ * ASK_SVGA, broken by pl2
+ There are no new features.
+ IMPORTANT: There is a major bug in 0.98pl3. The bug will cause the
+super-block to not be properly updated when mounting/unmounting
+filesystems, which will destroy the filesystem.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/testing/Linus/
+ (Source: <1992Oct27.194952.14193@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
+<1992Oct29.121938.16664@klaava.Helsinki.FI>)
+
+
+October 28. Werner Almesberger announced LILO version alpha.6. LILO
+is a generic boot loader Linux, which allows one to boot Linux from
+the hard disk.
+ The new version fixes bugs. Also, it should be better at booting
+other operating systems. Problems with bootin MS-DOS 5 should be
+fixed.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: pub/Linux/incoming/ and tsx-11.mit.edu:
+pub/linux/ALPHA/lilo/, files lilo.6.tar.Z (source and documentation),
+lilo.6.ps.Z (documentation in PostScript format).
+ (Source: <1992Oct28.023703.10271@bernina.ethz.ch>)
+
+
+October 28. Linux News #3 contained an announcement of Wampes for
+Linux, but it didn't include a description. Olaf Erb described it
+today follows:
+ ``It is a package for packet-radio. It includes a program like
+ka9q-net that allows logging into the unix machine over ax.25, NET/ROM
+and telnet. It includes a convers-server, bbs program and some other
+utils.''
+ FTP: see previous issue.
+ (Source: <1992Oct28.205832.22507@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>)
+
+
+October 29. Qi Xia announced bug fix version 0.9.1 of cksum. cksum
+is a POSIX conforming checksum utility.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: pub/Linux/Incoming/ and tsx-11.mit.edu
+(filenames or final directories not given).
+ (Source: <1992Oct29.162508.6753@sol.ctr.columbia.edu>)
+
+
+November 1. Peter MacDonald announced new fixes for SLS. Check the
+HISTORY file and obtain the packages that have been listed as changed,
+especially the z?fix.taz packages (which are collections of patches
+and fixes).
+ (Source: <1992Nov1.201314.11156@sol.UVic.CA>)
+
+
+November 4. Peter MacDonald announced a new addition to SLS: the
+Interviews programs idraw and iclass. They are in their own series,
+in anticipation of the full Interviews environment.
+ (Source: <1992Nov4.175627.21814@sol.UVic.CA>)
+
+
+November 5. Peter MacDonald announced new fixes for SLS. This should
+fix the problems with permission problems in root. Also, ghostscript
+with most drivers was added.
+ (Source: <1992Nov5.204626.314@sol.UVic.CA>)
+
+
+October 30. R. Ramesh announced an upload of tvtwm, a window manager
+for X.
+ All binaries were compiled with jump table 4.1, gcc 2.2.2d7 and
+Xv2.1 shared libraries. tvtwm requires m4.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: /pub/Linux/Incoming/, files tvtwm-src.tar.Z,
+tvtwm-bin.tar.Z and m4.Z.
+ (Source: <1992Oct30.161702.6567@utdallas.edu>)
+
+
+November 1. Ed Rodda announced Pari 1.37 for Linux. It is a
+sophisticated math solver.
+ FTP: math.ucla.edu: pub/pari (no binaries, but is reported to
+compile easily).
+ (Source: <921031117@orca.wimsey.bc.ca>)
+
+
+November 2. Kenneth Osterberg announced the Xview3 library and tools
+ported for Linux. Xview is a user-interface toolkit for X. It
+follows the Open Look GUI specification.
+ The package contains libxview.a, libolgx.a, olwm, olwmslave,
+cmdtool/shelltool, props, textedit, and clock. Headerfiles for xview,
+olgx, and pixrect, man pages, and online help files are also included.
+ This release contains binaries and diffs against xview sources.
+Installation requires gcc.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: xview3.tar.Z (directory not yet known),
+sunsite.unc.edu: /pub/Linux/incoming/.
+ (Source: <lmfken.720695460@bluese2>)
+
+
+November 3. Peter Orbaek announced poeigl 1.7 and admutil 1.4.
+ Poeigl contains init, getty, login, hostname, mesg, users, who, and
+write.
+ Admutils contains chsh, ctrlaltdel, init, last, newgrp, passwd,
+shutdown, reboot, halt, fastboot, fasthalt, su, and an example
+/etc/rc.
+ This is a source code only release. It should be compilable with
+Linux 0.97pl4 and gcc 2.2.2.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi and tsx-11.mit.edu: poeigl-1.7.tar.Z and
+admutil-1.4.tar.Z (directories not known at time of announcement).
+ftp.daimi.aau.dk: /pub/Linux-source/ (presumably the same filenames).
+ (Source: <1992Nov3.090246.29076@daimi.aau.dk>)
+
+
+November 6. Peter Anvin announced the final sum for the USA Linux
+fund collection, $785 and $750 after wire transfer charges.
+ Linus thanks everybody, and reports that his computer has now been
+paid in full. He has also received other donations (both money and
+things), for which he is also grateful.
diff --git a/linux-news-5 b/linux-news-5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a7dceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-5
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #5 (November 6 - 16, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #5, November 6 through 16, 1992
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- spreadsheets for calculating numbers for X display modes
+- new version of extended fs programs
+- "shell-init" bug fixed in SLS
+- new Xenix fs
+- kernel version 0.98.4 and 0.98.5
+- fig2dev binaries available
+- tvgalib and joe sources on tsx-11
+- Linux User Group in Albany, NY
+- GNU Emacs 18.59
+- Seyon 0.8, communications program for X11
+- color xterm, system call tracer, SCM scheme on tsx-11
+- EtherNet FAQ posted
+- afio 2.3 available
+- comparison between Linux and 386BSD
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+I'm late again. But then you're probably getting used to that. :-)
+It is possible that I may in the future change LN to a bi-weekly
+publication, if it seems that doing it weekly will be too much work
+and that I won't be able to do one issue per week.
+
+Don't forget the on-going vote for the comp.os.linux split into
+several groups! Let's get this decided one way or another. Vote now,
+or you might regret it afterwards if the vote doesn't go like you
+want.
+
+In the last issue, I included my address and asked for post cards.
+I've received several and one letter, thanks. I don't mind getting
+more, of course (oh yes, I'm very much like a little boy who wants
+attention :-).
+
+
+**** Legalese
+
+Linux News can be copied, re-published, printed, hung on walls, used
+as toilet paper, and used in any other way you wish. If you
+distribute LN outside comp.os.linux and the LINUXNEWS channel, please
+tell me: the more people I know are reading LN, the more eager I am to
+put energy into it.
+
+In fact, if you read Linux News, and think that it is a Good Thing,
+and you want to make me happier, send me a post card to the following
+address:
+
+ Lars Wirzenius
+ Ohratie 16 C 198
+ SF-01370 VANTAA
+ Finland
+
+(Letter bombs, as long as they are marked as such, can go to the same
+address. :-)
+
+I take no responsibility whatsoever for any information in Linux News,
+or any problems due lack of information. If you get killed due to
+Linux News, mail me, and I'll feel sorry for you, but that's just
+about all I can do.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release). There will be exceptions.
+
+
+**** News section
+
+
+November 4. Mike Jagdis announced modegen.taz, two spreadsheets for
+the `sc' spreadsheet program for calculating numbers for X display
+modes.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi, tsx-11.mit.edu: modegen.taz.
+ (Source: <43.2AF5C5E8@purplet.demon.co.uk>)
+
+
+November 6. Remy Card announced version alpha 9 of his programs for
+manipulating the extended filesystem.
+ The new version will hopefully fix the problems with bad directory
+entries. There are also other, more minor changes.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu, ftp-masi.ibp.fr: /pub/linux/ALPHA/extfs/,
+files efsprogs9.tar.Z (full source and binaries), efsprogs9.src.tar.Z
+(sources only), efsprogs9.bin.tar.Z (binaries only), and efsprogs.p9.Z
+(patch from version alpha 8 to 9).
+ (Source: <1992Nov6.120622.836@jussieu.fr>)
+
+
+November 7. Peter MacDonald announced a small update for SLS. This
+update should fix the "shell-init" bug, which causes trouble at
+logins.
+ FTP: b5/zbfix.taz (ftp site not given, but should be on all sites
+that carry SLS, in the normal places).
+ (Source: <1992Nov7.041759.8096@sol.UVic.CA>)
+
+
+November 7. Doug Evans announced a new version of his Xenix
+Filesystem for Linux. This version should work with 0.98.pl3.
+ You need to patch and recompile your kernel for this, of course.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/patches/xenixfs.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1992Nov07.064311.2087@sspiff.cygnus.com>
+
+
+November 9. Linus announced kernel version 0.98 patchlevel 4.
+ The most important changes are:
+ * The inode caching bug (resulting in bad filesystem info when
+mounting/umounting devices) should be gone for good.
+ * Bug fix of a race-condition in the filesystem (which may have
+caused people to get occasional fsck errors).
+ * Math emulator fixes (mainly for the re-entrancy problem)
+ * NR_OPEN was changed from 32 to 256 (this will break GNU Emacs,
+the term program, and possibly other programs; a recompilation should
+fix things).
+ * the process kernel stack is now on a separate page (needed due to
+ * Changes in kernel data structures (these require a new ps)
+ * System call tracing
+ * Changes to networking (tcp/ip, some nfs)
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/ (presumably on other
+sites too, by now), files linux-0.98.4.tar.Z (complete source),
+linux-0.98.patch4.Z (patches against pl3). Also ps-diff.Z, patches by
+Linus to ps-0.98 that should fix ps to work with 0.98.4.
+ (Source: <1992Nov9.112201.14250@klaava.Helsinki.FI>)
+
+
+
+November 9. Marcus Wunderlich announced a binary of fig2dev
+(announcement didn't explain what it is).
+ FTP: ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de: pub/linux/wunder/
+ (Source: <1992Nov9.123327.29197@dfv.rwth-aachen.de>)
+
+
+November 10. Michael K Johnson announced the availability of tvgalib
+and joe sources on tsx-11. tvgalib is a graphics library for Trident
+SVGA that does not use X. It is compatible with vgalib, which works
+with generic VGA cards. joe is a small but useful editor that is
+included on at least some versions of the rootdisk.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/sources/libs/, files
+tvgalib-1.0.tar.Z and tvgalib-1.0.README;
+/pub/linux/sources/usr.bin/joe.tar.Z.
+ (Source: <1992Nov10.202359.23502@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+November 11. Daniel Russel (russed@rpi.edu) announced an informal
+Linux User Group in the Albany, NY area and a mailing list. Contact
+him for more information.
+ (Source: <j-q1l5=@rpi.edu>)
+
+
+November 12. Rick Sladkey announced his port of GNU Emacs 18.59 for
+Linux. This version works under Linux 0.98 patchlevel 4 (which breaks
+the earlier version because of changes in select and NR_OPEN), but not
+on earlier versions.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: the incoming directory. Files
+emacs-18.59a.tar.Z (README, patches, and Linux support files),
+emacs-etc-18.59a.tar.Z (GNU Emacs support binaries and files)
+emacs-bin-18.59a.tar.Z (text-based GNU Emacs binary and its DOC file)
+x11emacs-bin-18.59a.tar.Z (X11-based GNU Emacs binary and its DOC
+file).
+ (Source: <JRS.92Nov12013048@lepton.world.std.com>)
+
+
+November 13. M. Saggaf announce Seyon 0.8. It is a communications
+package for X11.
+ FTP: sipb.mit.edu: pub/seyon/ (home site of Seyon)
+ (Source: <1992Nov13.035855.17713@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+November 14. Michael K Johnson announced new files on tsx-11: A color
+xterm, the new Emacs, a system call tracer, and SCM scheme.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/sources/usr.bin.X11/cxterm.tar.Z
+(color xterm), /pub/linux/packages/emacs-18.59/, files
+emacs-18.59a.tar.Z, emacs-bin-18.59a.tar.Z, emacs-etc-18.59a.tar.Z,
+x11emacs-bin-18.59a.tar.Z (see the GNU Emacs announcement above)
+/pub/linux/sources/sbin/strace.tar.Z (system call tracer),
+/pub/linux/sources/usr.bin/scm4a12.tar.Z,
+/pub/linux/binaries/usr.bin/scm4a12.bin.tar.Z (scheme).
+ (Source: <1992Nov14.201956.21550@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+November 15. Linus announced kernel version 0.98 patchevel 5.
+ This version fixes a swap-partition bug in pl4. The symptoms where
+incorrect swapping with a partition, e.g. xterm could dump core when
+swapping was enabled and you typed at the keyboard.
+ This version also checks against writing to the text segment (i.e.
+program code). This will break some binaries, especially some very,
+very old ones that were compiled using the estdio library (this
+library is no longer used in Linux). If previously well-working
+programs suddenly start to dump core, this might be the reason.
+ There are also some other changes.
+ See also 0.98.4 announcement above.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/.
+ (Source: <1992Nov15.220138.5434@klaava.Helsinki.FI>)
+
+
+November 16. Phil (Copeland?) posted an EtherNet FAQ. Future
+versions will be posted every one or two weeks to the NET channel on
+the linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi mailing list.
+ (Source: <1992Nov16.011245.18336@csd.uwe.ac.uk>)
+
+
+November 16. Dave Gymer announced afio 2.3 for Linux. afio is a
+cpio-style archiver which can create multiple volume archives on
+floppies, compressing individual files if required, and is able to
+recover from partially damaged archives.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu.
+ (Source: <1992Nov16.095102.13125@cs.nott.ac.uk>)
+
+
+**** Linux vs 386BSD
+
+One often asked question is "which is better, Linux or 386BSD?". I
+won't state my obvious bias, but I will include an article posted by
+Mark W. Eichin to comp.unix.bsd which has a pretty good comparison.
+Thanks Mark for allowing me to repost this. I have removed a few
+lines from the beginning which were only relevant as part of the
+discussion in which Mark's posting appeared, reformatted the text, and
+also fixed a typo or two.
+
+(The rest of this section comes from Mark.)
+
+I got a 486 machine in January, immediately put Linux 0.10 up on it,
+hacked with that for a while, then 386BSD 0.0 came out, so I blew
+everything away and put that up instead. When 0.1 came out, I took the
+kernel sources (since there hadn't really been major changes to
+anything else, and the install program didn't impress me...) and
+worked with those for a while... and then I needed (for work reasons)
+to get a DOS partition again, to run djgcc/go32, so I put linux (SLS
+0.98) up and started hacking on the networking code.
+
+There are various ways to compare the two systems. It would be
+impolite to treat them as being in competition; I'll merely try to
+list things that "make a difference" between the two.
+
+1) Networking.
+
+386BSD has had TCP/IP support (Ethernet and SLIP) in kernel since 0.0
+(after all, the socket interface was originally developed as part of
+BSD.) Just about everything you or your sysadmin knows about
+configuring unix networking will apply, which makes the setup seem
+fairly easy.
+
+Linux has had TCP support in the form of the KA9Q networking package,
+though I seem to recall this is only "free" for educational or ham
+radio use, since the early days; the 0.98 release actually has in
+kernel TCP, which is still a bit rough, but serves a useful purpose as
+an independent implementation. Great if you want to hack (like I do)
+but not quite up for heavy use; this is changing rapidly.
+
+2) File Systems.
+
+386BSD has the Berkeley Fast File System; you can read research papers
+on the implementation and design. It is quite robust, and fsck can fix
+most problems due to sudden shutdown. There is a VFS layer, but not
+many alternate disk-based file systems as of yet (NFS for both TCP and
+UDP are included, though, and mostly work as of 0.1.)
+
+Linux started with the Minix filesystem, but now has a VFS layer and
+several additional filesystem types, most popularly the Extended
+Filesystem (just stretch the Minix entries by a factor of two, but it
+does work...) and the MSDOS filesystem type (a *major* win - none of
+the inconvenience of mtools, just mount the floppy or hard drive and
+use cp/mv/emacs and it just works.) There is also a /proc filesystem
+(at least I think it is done as a filesystem type, haven't looked at
+the code).
+
+3) Utilities.
+
+386BSD has the various Berkeley utilities included, as well as groff,
+gcc (based on 1.39); it is easy to get most of the GNU utilities up
+(and for some things it is necessary -- /bin/sh is a crippled shell
+that doesn't handle quoting well enough to run Configure, so you'll
+probably replace it with BASH right away.)
+
+Linux comes with mostly GNU utilities, and what it doesn't come with
+usually configures and builds cleanly. The "standard" gcc (at the
+moment) is gcc 2.2.2d (lots of patches from 2.2.2) and I expect 2.3.1
+to work with little effort.
+
+4) Shared Libraries
+
+Linux has them; 386BSD doesn't. This means that Linux can be installed
+rather completely on a much smaller system (I've done kernel builds on
+an AST 386sx/20MHz/2Mram/40Mdisk from inside of emacs, with everything
+important installed... no X, no TeX, but there was room left for at
+least one of those).
+
+5) Hardware support
+
+Linux seems to have more support for "low budget" hardware,
+contributed by people who have it. There is a good deal of
+cross-breeding here, however, with some people working on drivers on
+both sides (since, after all, the *hard* part is actually talking to
+the hardware, not talking to the O/S.) My personal experience has been
+that Linux boots from scratch on more machines than 386BSD does.
+
+6) Development "Life Cycle"
+
+Bill and Lynne Jolitz manage the entire release very closely; this
+results in reasonable quality control, but a long cycle between
+releases (if I recall correctly, 0.0 came out in March, 0.1 over the
+summer, and submissions for 0.2 are solicited now though no date is
+even hinted at for a release.) It is also reported that the Jolitz'
+have not been able to keep up with NetNews since Septmber 1.
+
+Linus Torvalds keeps a very close eye on the kernel -- in fact, he
+rewrites many submissions (though not all) to meet his coding
+standards, improving them in the process. Other people handle the
+release of installable systems, moving at various paces. Linus also
+participates very actively in discussions on both comp.os.linux and
+comp.unix.bsd. Improvements to the kernel come out at a rapid pace; I
+was recently off at a conference for a week, and am about two
+revisions behind on the kernel, to give you some idea of the pace --
+the changes mostly involve the networking code, which is in active
+flux right now, so this is a feature for developers who want it (and
+those who don't simply stay with older versions.)
+
+7) License and Politics
+
+Linux is released under the GNU Copyleft; this means that if you sell
+it to someone, you have to include sources with it. (I think this is a
+great idea :-)
+
+BSD is released under the various Berkeley copyrights which say that
+you can do what you want as long as you don't hold the Regents liable;
+also, the Jolitz' have asked for donations to some charity (their
+"CareWare" program) if you wish to make them. They have also said that
+BSD is simply not *ready* for commercial use, and advise against
+making commercial use of it, simply for technical reasons.
+
+There is also a pending lawsuit (AT&T vs. BSDI and UCB) which may
+affect the ownership of the 4.3net2 release which 386BSD is based on.
+However, no actual action has been taken by a court in this matter,
+although UCB and CMU have apparently reacted to it anyway (UCB by no
+longer shipping tapes of 4.3net2, and CMU by no longer releasing the
+BNR2SS single-server for Mach.)
+
+8) Availability
+
+Linux and 386BSD are both available for anonymous ftp from numerous
+sites; Austin Codeworks apparently resells both in source form; FTP
+Software Inc was giving away a CDrom at Interop Fall 92 with 386BSD
+source and binaries (as well as X11R5, the Crynwr Packet Drivers, and
+the RFC's and IEN's) as a promotion. Linux has been uploaded to a
+number of BBS'es around the world. I'm sure other forms are available,
+essentially if you want it you can probably get it.
+
+
+In summary, there are numerous differences between Linux and 386BSD;
+it is entirely up to you whether they "make a difference" in your
+situation.
+
+ _Mark_ <eichin@athena.mit.edu>
+ MIT Student Information Processing Board
+ Cygnus Support <eichin@cygnus.com>
+
+ps. This posting ignores other 386 Operating Systems since, after all,
+we're only discussing Free ones here. Also, I'm sure it is clear to
+you that these are my opinions from my experience, and not meant to
+represent those of MIT or Cygnus Support (although some of them
+certainly coincide) particularly regarding any lawsuits in progress.
diff --git a/linux-news-6 b/linux-news-6
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a11f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-6
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #6 (November 16 - 22, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #6, November 16 through 25, 1992
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- Back issues on LN via ftp
+- New efsprogs
+- SLS upgrades
+- TeX upgrad in SLS
+- 8-bit clean bash and rc
+- ImageMagick
+- Joe 1.0.5
+- Linux via Trickle
+- BSD printer programs
+- Sources for several Linux admin programs
+- Seyon 1.1
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+Back issues of Linux News are now available via anonymous FTP from
+nic.funet.fi, directory /pub/OS/Linux/doc/Linux-News. This is an
+archive of the LINUXNEWS channel on the linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi
+mailing list.
+
+I will no longer be sending back issues via mail.
+
+
+**** Legalese
+
+Linux News can be copied, re-published, printed, hung on walls, used
+as toilet paper, and used in any other way you wish. If you
+distribute LN outside comp.os.linux and the LINUXNEWS channel, please
+tell me: the more people I know are reading LN, the more eager I am to
+put energy into it.
+
+In fact, if you read Linux News, and think that it is a Good Thing,
+and you want to make me happier, send me a post card to the following
+address:
+
+ Lars Wirzenius
+ Ohratie 16 C 198
+ SF-01370 VANTAA
+ Finland
+
+(Letter bombs, as long as they are marked as such, can go to the same
+address. :-)
+
+I take no responsibility whatsoever for any information in Linux News,
+or any problems due lack of information. If you get killed due to
+Linux News, mail me, and I'll feel sorry for you, but that's just
+about all I can do.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release). There will be exceptions.
+
+
+**** News section
+
+
+November 17. Remy Card announced efsprogs version alpha 10.1. There
+was a version alpha 10 announced the day before, but that contained a
+bug, which was quickly fixed and now alpha 10.1 is the current
+version.
+ efsprogs consists of mkefs and efsck, i.e. mkfs and fsck for the
+extended filesystem.
+ Changes since version alpha 9 include man pages, and better
+checking in efsck.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu, ftp-masi.ibp.fr [132.227.64.26]:
+pub/linux/ALPHA/extfs, files efsprogs10.tar.Z (source and binary
+programs), efsprogs10.src.tar.Z (source only programs),
+efsprogs10.bin.tar.Z (binary only programs), efsprogs.p10.Z (patch to
+upgrade from version alpha 9).
+ (Source: <1992Nov17.100225.13013@jussieu.fr>)
+
+
+November 17. Peter MacDonald announced SLS upgrades. Changes include
+upgrading the kernel to 0.98pl5 (with the test TCP/IP included in the
+compiled kernel), fixing some configuration and permission problems
+(e.g. X11 fonts), replacing some broken binaries.
+ Kernel 0.98pl5 will break some binaries, since it checks against
+writing into the text segment. At least sc is affected. It is a good
+idea to keep an older version of the kernel around.
+ FTP: The usual sites, check the HISTORY file for what files you
+need.
+ (Source: <1992Nov17.182124.3273@sol.UVic.CA>)
+
+
+November 17. Thomas Dunbar announced a slight update to TeX in SLS.
+Fixes some problems, including a problem with xdvi.
+ FTP: the usual sites, t1/texman.taz, t2/texbin.taz.
+ (Source: <9709@vtserf.cc.vt.edu>)
+
+
+November 18. Janne Himanka announced 8-bit clean versions of the
+shells bash and rc. Bash is version 1.10 (since there are no patches
+for 1.12). Rc is a clone of Plan 9's rc shell; Janne's version
+includes GNU readline.
+ 8-bit cleanliness is preferred feature for most people who use
+non-English languages, since their character sets are usually 8-bit,
+instead of 7-bit ASCII.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi:/pub/OS/Linux/util/shells/.
+ (Source: <JANNE.92Nov18231314@seita.oulu.fi>)
+
+
+November 19. Andrew J. Cosgriff announced binaries of ImageMagick
+2.0. These binaries require the jumptable jpeg and tiff libraries by
+Rob Hooft.
+ ImageMagick is a program for displaying images and converting them
+between various forms.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu and tsx-11.mit.edu.
+ (Source: <ins217t.722142087@aurora.cc.monash.edu.au>)
+
+
+November 20. Bruce Cheng announced diffs for ImageMagic 2.1. You
+also need the original IM sources and the jump libs for different
+image types.
+ FTP: export.lcs.mit.edu: /contrib/ (original sources),
+sunsite.unc.edu: diff-imgik21.Z (diffs for Linux), libjpeg.a.Z (JPEG
+lib version 3c), libtiff.a.Z (TIFF lib version 3.2b), liburt.a.Z (URT
+lib version 3.1b).
+ (Source: <chengb.722231259@craft.camp.clarkson.edu>)
+
+
+November 21. Joseph H Allen announced Joe version 1.0.5. Joe is a
+small and fairly simple editor that has been on at least some versions
+of Jim Winstead's rootdisk. There were several announcements for
+versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.3 as well, but 1.0.5 seems to be the
+current one. The summary of new features is too long to include here.
+ FTP: world.std.com: src/editors/joe1.0.5.tar.Z.
+ (Source: <By2LMM.JuI@world.std.com>)
+
+
+November 20. Gustaf Neumann announced a Trickle server for Linux.
+Trickle is a "caching file redistributor", which distributes files via
+mail.
+ Addresses (all are the same machine, they just are for different
+networks): TRICKLE@AWIWUW11.BITNET, TRICKLE@AWIWUW11.EARN,
+TRICKLE@AWIWUW11.wu-wien.ac.at.
+ In order to use this, start by sending a mail to one of the above
+addresses with a line containing "/HELP" and you should get a help
+file in return mail.
+ (Source: <7222729118-34228@dec4.wu-wien.ac.at>)
+
+
+November 20. Ross Biro announced a port of BSD's lpr package for
+managing printer spools: lpr, lpq, and lprm.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu.
+ (Source: <1992Nov20.211004.9713@leland.Stanford.EDU>)
+
+
+November 20. Jim Winstead announced a set of sources for
+miscellaneous Linux utilities. Utilities included are: doshell, ed,
+fdformat, fdisk, frag, fsck, kill, makehole, mkfs, mkswap, more,
+pathnames, setfdprm, setroot, setserial, setterm, sync, update.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: system-0.98.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1992Nov20.213143.26320@muddcs.claremont.edu>)
+
+
+November 21. M. Saggaf announced Seyon 1.1, a communications program
+for X11. Version 1.0 was also announced recently. Note that there is
+a Seyon channel on the linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi mailing list.
+ FTP: sipb.mit.edu: pub/seyon/
+ (Source: <1992Nov21.080717.5816@athena.mit.edu>)
diff --git a/linux-news-7 b/linux-news-7
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0843286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-7
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #7 (November 22 - 28, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #6, November 22 through 28, 1992
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- linux-man and linux-serial are gone
+- Rik Faith made new utilities binaries
+- XConquer 5.5
+- Ingres
+- dvi2pcl
+- shadow login suite
+- new FAQ
+- Linux CD-ROM
+- DikuMud
+- Joe 1.0.7
+- SLS update
+- ACM, a flight simulator
+- Seyon 1.3
+- mbase 5.0
+- no new kernels
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+Um.., the mind is empty and I'm tired. I guess there won't be an
+editorial tonight.
+
+
+**** Legalese
+
+Linux News can be copied, re-published, printed, hung on walls, used
+as toilet paper, and used in any other way you wish. If you
+distribute LN outside comp.os.linux and the LINUXNEWS channel, please
+tell me: the more people I know are reading LN, the more eager I am to
+put energy into it.
+
+In fact, if you read Linux News, and think that it is a Good Thing,
+and you want to make me happier, send me a post card to the following
+address:
+
+ Lars Wirzenius
+ Ohratie 16 C 198
+ SF-01370 VANTAA
+ Finland
+
+(Letter bombs, as long as they are marked as such, can go to the same
+address. :-)
+
+I take no responsibility whatsoever for any information in Linux News,
+or any problems due lack of information. If you get killed due to
+Linux News, mail me, and I'll feel sorry for you, but that's just
+about all I can do.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release). There will be exceptions.
+
+
+**** News section
+
+
+November 20. Michael K. Johnson annouced the demise of the linux-man
+and linux-serial mailing lists at stolaf.edu. They have been
+superseded by the DOC and SERIAL channels on the
+linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi mailing list (send an empty mail to
+linux-activists-request@niksula.hut.fi to get a help text).
+ (Source: <1992Nov20.021027.15187@news.stolaf.edu>)
+
+
+November 23. Rik Faith announced a set of binaries of a number of
+utilities. Included are bison 1.19, gawk 2.14, GNU fileutils 1.34,
+groff 1.06, make 3.62, GNU's version of patch 2.0.12u8, GNU shellutils
+1.8, GNU tar 1.11.1, GNU textutils 1.3, and assorted utilities from
+BSD.
+ Man pages and info documents have been included when available in
+the original packages. The programs have been compiled with gcc
+2.2.2d and the 4.1 jump libraries.
+ The files should be in a form suitable for the SLS sysinstall
+program and can also be installed by hand.
+ FTP: ftp.cs.unc.edu:/pub/faith/linux/utils/, tsx-11.mit.edu,
+sunsite.unc.edu. Too many files to mention.
+ (Source: <17828@borg.cs.unc.edu>)
+
+
+November 23. Andrew J. Cosgriff announced his upload of XConquer 5.5
+binaries (presumably some kind of game). It needs the latest XFree
+(libX11.so.2.1) and jumptables 4.1.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu, tsx-11.mit.edu; source from
+export.lcs.mit.edu: xconq5.5.tar.Z
+ (Source: <ins217t.722563113@aurora.cc.monash.edu.au>)
+
+
+November 24. Zeyd M. Ben-Halim announced a new version of his port to
+Linux of Ingres, the relational database manager. Sources only, no
+binaries.
+ FTP: ingres03.lzh (you need lha to unpack this, and byacc to
+compile it).
+ (Source: <1992Nov24.104348.22837@netcom.com>)
+
+
+November 23. Thomas Dunbar announced dvi2pcl, a TeX dvi file
+converter for HP PaintJet XL printers. May also work with a DeskJet.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/packages/TeX/dvi2pcl-bin.tz.
+ (Source: <9894@vtserf.cc.vt.edu>)
+
+
+November 24. Ed Carp announced a port of John Haugh's shadow login
+password suite (version 3.2.2) for Linux.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:/incoming/shadow-3.2.2-linux.tar.Z (full
+source), shadow-3.2.2-diffs.Z (patches against base distribution).
+ (Source: <1992Nov24.072848.2113@unislc.uucp>)
+
+
+November 24. Marc-Michel Corsini uploaded and posted the newest FAQ.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: pub/linux/doc/FAQ.
+
+
+November 24. Monty H. Brekke announced his upload of xv 2.21
+binaries. Xv is a program for viewing pictures; it supports several
+image type.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: xv2.21bin.tar.Z
+ (Source: <By7GDx.Jz6@news.iastate.edu>)
+
+
+November 25. Adam J. Richter announced a Linux CD-ROM. It contains
+full sources, Linux 0.98.1, X, gcc, TeX, among other things. The
+format is ISO 9660. The price is $99. No shipment outside of
+US/Canada yet. Contact
+ Yggdrasil Computing, Incorporated
+ CDROM sales
+ PO Box 8418
+ Berkeley, CA 94707-8418
+for more information.
+ (Source: <3814@news.cerf.net>)
+
+
+November 25. Byong Pak announced his upload of DikuMud for Linux. It
+is a multiplayer text adventure game in D&D style.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: diku-linux.tar.Z
+ (Source: <acVj02t82c1R01@JUTS.ccc.amdahl.com>)
+
+
+November 26. Joseph Allen announced version 1.0.7 of the editor Joe.
+This new version includes shell windows, better support for 8-bit
+characters, and bug fixes.
+ FTP: world.std.com: src/editors/joe1.0.7.tar.Z
+ (Source: <ByBvGL.1D6@world.std.com>)
+
+
+November 26. Peter MacDonald updated the version of SLS to the same
+version that Softlanding Systems distributes. This should reduce a
+few of the problems. As usual, if you want to upgrade, read the
+HISTORY file.
+ (Source: <1992Nov26.210711.7078@sol.UVic.CA>)
+
+
+November 26. John Hendrickson announced his upload of ACM, a flight
+simulator for X.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu.
+ (Source: <ByCJMs.DFG@news.cs.andrews.edu>)
+
+
+
+November 28. M. Saggaf announced Seyon 1.3, a terminal program for X.
+The new version contains bug fixes and a few new features.
+ FTP: sipb.mit.edu: pub/seyon/
+ (Source: <1992Nov28.024154.25143@athena.mit.edu>)
+
+
+November 28. Zeyd M. Ben-Halim announced his upload of mbase 5.0. It
+is a database.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu:/incoming, sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/Incoming,
+file mbase.lzh.
+ (Source: <1992Nov28.110104.22179@netcom.com>)
diff --git a/linux-news-8 b/linux-news-8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9162d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux-news-8
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+From: Lars.Wirzenius@helsinki.fi (Lars Wirzenius)
+Subject: Linux News #8 (November 28 - December 19, 1992)
+
+
+ L i n u x N e w s
+
+ A summary of the goings-on of the Linux community
+
+ Issue #8, November 28 through December 19, 1992
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+**** Highlights in this issue
+
+- kernel now at 0.99
+- new newsgroups: comp.os.linux.announce, comp.windows.x.i386unix
+- the end of Linux News?
+- mpeg-1.1
+- deliver
+- TeX sources for Linux
+- Lilo 0.7
+- xgraph
+- efsprogs alpha 11
+- xphoon
+- Newspak 1.1
+- ckermit
+- mawk
+- Seyon 1.5
+- Xcomm
+- Epoch 4.2
+- SLS updates
+
+
+**** Editorial
+
+In case you haven't noticed, I'm unusually late with this issue, about
+three weeks. Sorry about that. Due to the large number of things
+that I had saved for inclusion, and my chronic lack of time, I have
+had to keep things very short in this issue, and have also skipped
+unusually many things.
+
+Probably the biggest news at the moment is that "1.0 is coming, are
+you ready?". Well, actually there is not that much to be ready about,
+since 1.0 will not introduce many changes from the current kernel.
+Unless you are dedicated into building your system from scratch,
+you'll probably be best of with the SLS release, and if you update
+your system to that, you can be fairly certain of having a
+well-working system.
+
+Two other quite important things are two new newsgroups:
+comp.os.linux.announce, and comp.windows.x.i386unix. If you don't
+have the time to read all of comp.os.linux, but want to stay up to
+date with what is happening with Linux (and are disgusted with the
+delays with LN :), read that group. Also, if you have something to
+announce that is of general interest for the Linux community, do it in
+c.o.l.a. (Nice acronym, eh?) C.o.l.a will be gatewayed to a
+mailing-list for those without Usenet access sometime in the future.
+
+The splitting vote for comp.os.linux failed to create the other
+proposed groups. There will not be a new vote until at least six
+months have passed since the previous one.
+
+Comp.windows.x.i386unix is intended for discussions about X on 386
+Unices, including Linux. It is a good idea to use it instead of
+comp.os.linux for such discussions, since there is quite enough of
+traffic in c.o.l as it is.
+
+Last, and probably least, I'm looking for a volunteer to take over
+Linux News. I don't seem to be able to have enough time to do it
+often enough and well enough, so I'd like to hand it over to somebody
+else. Mail me if you are willing. I'd like somebody who has been
+using Linux actively for some time so that she (or he :-) has some
+understanding of what is going on and what various things are.
+Alternatively, I might change LN into a non-periodic thing and only
+publish and issue every few weeks or months, and include more articles
+and less news items. (Might have to change the name too, then.)
+
+
+**** Legalese
+
+Linux News can be copied, re-published, printed, hung on walls, used
+as toilet paper, and used in any other way you wish. If you
+distribute LN outside comp.os.linux and the LINUXNEWS channel, please
+tell me: the more people I know are reading LN, the more eager I am to
+put energy into it.
+
+I take no responsibility whatsoever for any information in Linux News,
+or any problems due lack of information. If you get killed due to
+Linux News, mail me, and I'll feel sorry for you, but that's just
+about all I can do.
+
+
+**** Notices
+
+Linux News is only a summary, if you want more information about a
+given subject, please see the source that is referenced at the end of
+each note (for Usenet articles, the reference is the Message-ID of the
+article). I try to include all the relevant information, including
+ftp sites and filenames, as given in the announcements (I probably
+won't have the time or energy to check filenames, or to find pointers
+to other ftp sites). If possible, I will try to indicate directories
+with a trailing /, e.g. ``pub/linux/SLS/''.
+
+I won't include announcements on mailing lists or testing releases,
+only things that are meant to be used generally (I admit that the line
+can be somewhat difficult to draw, since the whole system is
+pre-release). There will be exceptions.
+
+
+**** News section
+
+
+November 30. Scott A. Laird announced an upload of MPEG-1.1. It is a
+program for viewing "movies" in the MPEG compressed format. Needs X.
+Scott says he gets about 8 frames per second on a 486DX2/50 with ATI
+Graphics Ultra, so it is probably not particularly fast on a 386SX...
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu (binary), toe.cs.berkeley.edu:
+/pub/multimedia/mpeg/ (source).
+ (Source: <1992Nov30.070546.23765@midway.uchicago.edu>)
+
+
+December 8. Matthew Donadio announced binaries for Deliver for Linux.
+It is a program which delivers electronic mail once it has arrived at
+a given machine.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: deliver.TZ
+ (Source: <1992Dec8.173324.19957@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 8. Thomas Dunbar announced Linux TeX source upload.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/packages/TeX, files web2c.taz
+(essential things) and texweb.taz (misc source).
+ (Source: <1992Dec8.191750.22643@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 7. Werner Almesberger announced Lilo 0.7. Lilo is the Linux
+Loader, the set of programs that allows Linux to boot from a hard disk.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: pub/linux/packages/lilo, files lilo.7.tar.Z
+(sources for programs and docs), lilo.7.ps.Z (docs in PostScript
+format).
+ (Source: <1992Dec7.062414.6307@bernina.ethz.ch>)
+
+
+December 7. Isaac Wong announced xgraph for Linux. It is a
+two-dimensional plotting program.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: xgraph.taz (source and binary).
+ (Source: <1992Dec7.193518.21471@netcom.com>)
+
+
+December 9. Remy Card announced version alpha 11 of the extended
+filesystem support programs.
+ FTP: ftp-masi.ibp.fr: /pub/linux/ALPHA/extfs/, tsx-11.mit.edu.
+ (Source: <1992Dec9.172910.22669@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 10. David Peterson announced binaries for xphoon. It is a
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu and tsx-11.mit.edu: phoonbin.tar.Z.
+ (Source: <1992Dec10.160753.22094@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 11. Vince Skahan announced Newspak-1.1. It is a set of
+programs for setting up a Usenet site. It includes cnews, tin, trn,
+and nn. It doesn't include UUCP or other networking, which you need
+from elsewhere.
+ FTP: sunsite.unc.edu: /pub/Linux/System/news/
+ (Source: <1992Dec11.170805.22139@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 12. hutchinson@wrair-emh1.army.mil announced ckermit5A(188)
+and mawk 1.1.2 binaries upload. ckermit is a terminal / file
+transmission program, mawk is an implementation of the AWK language.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: ckermit5A.188.tar.Z, mawk1.1.2bin.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1992Dec12.053016.6610@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 13. Linus released version 0.99 of the kernel. This
+version should have all the functionality of 1.0, and should only be
+changed to fix bugs before 1.0, which will hopefully be released
+before the end of the year.
+ There were a couple of problems with 0.99, fixed by small patches
+posted by Linus.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus: linux-0.99.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1992Dec13.193812.6958@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 13. M. Saggaf announced Seyon 1.5. It is a terminal program
+for X.
+ FTP: sipb.mit.edu: /pub/seyon; also export.lcs.mit.edu,
+nic.funet.fi, and sunsite.unc.edu.
+ (Source: <1992Dec13.194528.7230@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 14. Jeff Randall announced Xcomm patchlevel 5. It is a
+terminal program.
+ FTP: xcomm3b-L1.5.src.tar.Z, xcomm3b-L1.5.bin.tar.Z
+ (Source: <1992Dec14.191822.12572@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+
+December 14. Thomas Dunbar uploaded a binary of Epoch-4.2. It is an
+X version of GNU Emacs.
+ FTP: tsx-11.mit.edu: /pub/linux/packages/TeX/epoch42.taz
+ (Source: <10438@vtserf.cc.vt.edu>)
+
+
+December 18. Ian Jackson announced archives of
+comp.os.linux.announce, up to December 17.
+ FTP: nic.funet.fi, tsx-11.mit.edu, ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de,
+sunsite.unc.edu, fgb1.fgb.mw.tu-muenchen.de, ftp.dfv.rwth-aachen.de,
+ftp.win.tue.nl, ftp.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de, ftp.uni-kl.de.
+ (Source: <1992Dec18.194443.2246@tc.cornell.edu>)
+
+Lotsa dates. Peter MacDonald has been updating SLS fairly often.
+The changes include: nfs and shadow password support, the syslogd
+daemon, ghostscript, mailpak, and the 0.99 kernel.
+ Check the HISTORY file on ftp sites for more information.