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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
+<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 96.1-h (September 30, 1996) by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Footnotes</TITLE>
+<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Footnotes">
+<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="sag">
+<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
+<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
+<LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="sag.css">
+</HEAD>
+<BODY LANG="EN" >
+<DL> <DT><A NAME="79">...simple.</A><DD>There are some people who <EM>do</EM>
+ call it that, but that's just because they have never
+ read this manual, poor things.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="74">...chapter.</A><DD>If you happen to be reading a version that
+ has a chapter on backups, that is.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="78">...work</A><DD>A comparison between the xia and ext2
+ filesystems, the device list and a description of the
+ ext2 filesystem. These aren't part of the book any
+ more.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="111">...Rhyme</A><DD>The author
+ wishes to remain anonymous. It was posted to the
+ LDP mailing list by Matt Welsh.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="125">...system</A><DD>In fact, it is often mistakenly considered to be the
+ operating system itself, but it is not. An operating system
+ provides many more services than a plain kernel.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="231">...these</A><DD>Well, at least
+ there can be many. Network bandwidth still being a scarce
+ resource, there is still some practical upper limit to the
+ number of concurrent logins via one network connection.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="296">...printer.</A><DD>Instead,
+ they form a new queue <em>at</em> the printer, waiting for their
+ printouts, since no one ever seems to be able to get the queue
+ software to know exactly when anyone's printout is really finished.
+ This is a great boost to intra-office social relations.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1028">...<b>platters</b>,</A><DD>The platters are made of
+ a hard substance, e.g., aluminium, which gives the hard disk its
+ name.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1045">...BIOS</A><DD>The BIOS is some built-in software
+ stored on ROM chips. It takes care, among other things, of the
+ initial stages of booting.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1047">...track</A><DD>The numbers are
+ completely imaginary.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1067">...disk</A><DD>That is, the surface inside the disk, on the
+ metal disk inside the plastic coating.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1070">...similar</A><DD>But completely
+ different, of course.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1120">...primary</A><DD>Illogical?
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1299">...everyone.</A><DD>It requires several seconds of hard
+ thinking on the users' behalf.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1275">...magic.</A><DD>For more
+ information, see the kernel source or the Kernel Hackers'
+ Guide.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1431">...NAME="1651"></A></A><DD>It should of course be
+ <tt>unmount</tt><A NAME="1653">&#160;</A>, but the <TT>n</TT> mysteriously disappeared in
+ the 70's, and hasn't been seen since. Please return it to Bell
+ Labs, NJ, if you find it.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1409">...disk.</A><DD>Sic transit discus mundi.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1820">...anyway.</A><DD>Thus quite needlessly
+ annoying a number of computer scientists something horrible.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1836">...2&nbsp;GB.</A><DD>A gigabyte here, a gigabyte there, pretty soon
+ we start talking about real memory.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1869">...disk</A><DD>Except a RAM disk, for obvious
+ reasons.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="1961">...loaded</A><DD>On early computers, it wasn't enough
+ to merely turn on the computer, you had to manually load the
+ operating system as well. These new-fangled thing-a-ma-jigs do
+ it all by themselves.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2102">...right,</A><DD>This is called
+ the <b>power on self test</b>, or <b>POST</b> for short.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2110">...NAME="2155"></A></A><DD><tt>sync</tt><A NAME="2157">&#160;</A> flushes the buffer cache.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2308">...graphs.</A><DD><tt>init</tt><A NAME="2363">&#160;</A> itself is not allowed
+ to die. You can't kill <tt>init</tt><A NAME="2365">&#160;</A> even with SIGKILL.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2310">...signal;</A><DD>Using the command
+ <tt>kill&nbsp;-HUP&nbsp;1</tt><A NAME="2387">&#160;</A> as root, for example
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2311">...terminal.</A><DD>Different versions
+ of <tt>getty</tt><A NAME="2411">&#160;</A> are run differently. Consult your manual page-and
+ make sure it is the correct manual page.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2312">...<tt>emergency</tt>.</A><DD>Kernel
+ command line arguments can be given via LILO, for example. See
+ section&nbsp;<A HREF="node78.html#secsingleusermode">7.5</A>.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2314">...location.</A><DD>Or to start <tt>nethack</tt><A NAME="2466">&#160;</A>.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2315">...tasks,</A><DD>It probably shouldn't be used for playing
+ <tt>nethack</tt><A NAME="2473">&#160;</A>.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2559">...it.</A><DD>Good Linux distributions do this out
+ of the box.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2722">...microcomputers.</A><DD>It might be quite embarrassing
+ if my sister could read my love letters.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2816">...password.</A><DD>Yes, this means
+ that the password file has all the information about a
+ user <em>except</em> his password. The wonder of development.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2772">...accounts</A><DD>Surreal users?
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2790">...alias.</A><DD>The
+ user's name might change due to marriage, for example, and
+ he might want to have his username reflect his new name.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2818">...work.</A><DD>But they can be <em>so</em> fun, if you're
+ a BOFH.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2915">...disasters.</A><DD>The fifth reason is ``something else''.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2916">...work.</A><DD>Don't laugh. This has happened to several people.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="2917">...work.</A><DD>Been there, done that...
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="3001">...reinstalled,</A><DD>You get
+ to decide what's easy. Some people consider installing from
+ dozens of floppies easy.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="3016">...drive.</A><DD>If a tape
+ drive doesn't data fast enough, it has to stop; this makes backups
+ even slower, and can be bad for the tape and the drive.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="3113">...round,</A><DD>According to
+ recent research.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE><DT><A NAME="3157">...time.</A><DD>Beware of the <tt>time</tt><A NAME="3167">&#160;</A> command, which does
+ <em>not</em> show the current time.
+<PRE>.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+.
+</PRE> </DL>
+<P><ADDRESS>
+<I>Lars Wirzenius <BR>
+Sat Nov 15 02:32:11 EET 1997</I>
+</ADDRESS>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>