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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
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+<TITLE>On the importance of being backed up</TITLE>
+<META NAME="description" CONTENT="On the importance of being backed up">
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+ <A NAME="tex2html1541" HREF="node98.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="./next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1539" HREF="node96.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="./up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1533" HREF="node96.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="./previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1543" HREF="node1.html"><IMG WIDTH=65 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="./contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1544" HREF="node114.html"><IMG WIDTH=43 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="./index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
+<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1542" HREF="node98.html">Selecting the backup medium</A>
+<B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1540" HREF="node96.html">Backups</A>
+<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1534" HREF="node96.html">Backups</A>
+<BR> <P>
+<H1><A NAME="SECTION001110000000000000000">On the importance of being backed up</A></H1>
+<P>
+ Your data is valuable. It will cost you time and effort re-create
+ it, and that costs money or at least personal grief and tears;
+ sometimes it can't even be re-created, e.g., if it is the
+ results of some experiments. Since it is an investment, you
+ should protect it and take steps to avoid losing it.
+<P>
+ There are basically four reasons why you might lose data: hardware
+ failures, software bugs, human action, or natural
+ disasters.<A NAME="tex2html46" HREF="footnode.html#2915"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="./foot_motif.gif"></A>
+ Although modern hardware tends to be quite reliable, it can
+ still break seemingly spontaneously. The most critical piece
+ of hardware for storing data is the hard disk, which relies on
+ tiny magnetic fields remaining intact in a world filled with
+ electromagnetic noise. Modern software doesn't even tend to
+ be reliable; a rock solid program is an exception, not a rule.
+ Humans are quite unreliable, they will either make a mistake,
+ or they will be malicious and destroy data on purpose. Nature
+ might not be evil, but it can wreak havoc even when being good.
+ All in all, it is a small miracle that anything works at all.
+<P>
+ Backups are a way to protect the investment in data. By having
+ several copies of the data, it does not matter as much if one
+ is destroyed (the cost is only that of the restoration of the
+ lost data from the backup).
+<P>
+ It is important to do backups properly. Like everything
+ else that is related to the physical world, backups will fail
+ sooner or later. Part of doing backups well is to make sure
+ they work; you don't want to notice that your backups didn't
+ work.<A NAME="tex2html47" HREF="footnode.html#2916"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="./foot_motif.gif"></A>
+ Adding insult to injury, you might have a bad crash just as
+ you're making the backup; if you have only one backup medium,
+ it might destroyed as well, leaving you with the smoking ashes
+ of hard work.<A NAME="tex2html48" HREF="footnode.html#2917"><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="gif" SRC="./foot_motif.gif"></A> Or you
+ might notice, when trying to restore, that you forgot to back
+ up something important, like the user database on a 15&nbsp;000&nbsp;user
+ site. Best of all, all your backups might be working perfectly,
+ but the last known tape drive reading the kind of tapes you
+ used was the one that now has a bucketful of water in it.
+<P>
+ When it comes to backups, paranoia is in the job description.
+<P>
+<HR><A NAME="tex2html1541" HREF="node98.html"><IMG WIDTH=37 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="next" SRC="./next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1539" HREF="node96.html"><IMG WIDTH=26 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="up" SRC="./up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1533" HREF="node96.html"><IMG WIDTH=63 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="previous" SRC="./previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1543" HREF="node1.html"><IMG WIDTH=65 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="contents" SRC="./contents_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html1544" HREF="node114.html"><IMG WIDTH=43 HEIGHT=24 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="index" SRC="./index_motif.gif"></A> <BR>
+<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1542" HREF="node98.html">Selecting the backup medium</A>
+<B>Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1540" HREF="node96.html">Backups</A>
+<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html1534" HREF="node96.html">Backups</A>
+<P><ADDRESS>
+<I>Lars Wirzenius <BR>
+Sat Nov 15 02:32:11 EET 1997</I>
+</ADDRESS>
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+</HTML>