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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBook HTML 1.0//EN">
+<HTML
+><HEAD
+><TITLE
+>Configuring init to start getty: the /etc/inittab file</TITLE
+><META
+NAME="GENERATOR"
+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet"><LINK
+REL="HOME"
+TITLE="The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
+HREF="book1.html"><LINK
+REL="UP"
+TITLE="init"
+HREF="c1705.html"><LINK
+REL="PREVIOUS"
+TITLE="init"
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+REL="NEXT"
+TITLE="Run levels"
+HREF="x1812.html"></HEAD
+><BODY
+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
+TEXT="#000000"
+><DIV
+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
+><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
+BORDER="0"
+CELLPADDING="0"
+CELLSPACING="0"
+><TR
+><TH
+COLSPAN="3"
+ALIGN="center"
+>The Linux System Administrators' Guide</TH
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="c1705.html"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="80%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+>Chapter 7. <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="x1812.html"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1752"
+>Configuring <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> to start <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+>: the <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inittab</TT
+> file</A
+></H1
+><P
+>When it starts up, <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> reads the <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inittab</TT
+>
+	configuration file. While the system is running, it will
+	re-read it, if sent the HUP signal;
+	
+		<A
+NAME="AEN1760"
+HREF="#FTN.AEN1760"
+>[1]</A
+>
+		
+	this feature makes it unnecessary to boot the system to make
+	changes to the <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> configuration take
+	effect.</P
+><P
+>The <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inittab</TT
+> file is
+	a bit complicated. We'll start with the simple case
+	of configuring <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+> lines.	Lines in
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inittab</TT
+> consist of four colon-delimited
+	fields:
+
+<PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>id:runlevels:action:process</PRE
+>
+
+	The fields are described below. In addition,
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inittab</TT
+> can contain empty lines, and
+	lines that begin with a number sign (`<TT
+CLASS="LITERAL"
+>#</TT
+>');
+	these are both ignored.
+	
+	<DIV
+CLASS="GLOSSLIST"
+><DL
+><DT
+><B
+>id</B
+></DT
+><DD
+><P
+>		This identifies the line in the file. For
+		<B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+> lines, it specifies the terminal
+		it runs on (the characters after <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/dev/tty</TT
+>
+		in the device file name). For other lines,
+		it doesn't matter (except for length restrictions),
+		but it should be unique.
+		</P
+></DD
+><DT
+><B
+>runlevels</B
+></DT
+><DD
+><P
+>		The run levels the line should be considered
+		for. The run levels are given as single digits,
+		without delimiters. (Run levels are described
+		in the next section.)
+		</P
+></DD
+><DT
+><B
+>action</B
+></DT
+><DD
+><P
+>		What action should be taken by the line, e.g.,
+		<TT
+CLASS="LITERAL"
+>respawn</TT
+> to run the command in the
+		next field again, when it exits, or <TT
+CLASS="LITERAL"
+>once</TT
+>
+		to run it just once.
+		</P
+></DD
+><DT
+><B
+>process</B
+></DT
+><DD
+><P
+>		The command to run.
+		</P
+></DD
+></DL
+></DIV
+>
+
+	To start a <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+> on the first virtual terminal
+	(<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/dev/tty1</TT
+>}), in all the normal multi-user
+	run levels (2-5), one would write the following line:
+
+<PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1</PRE
+>
+
+	The first field says that this is the line for <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/dev/tty1</TT
+>.
+	The second field says that it applies to run levels 2, 3, 4,
+	and 5. The third field means that the command should be run
+	again, after it exits (so that one can log in, log out, and
+	then log in again). The last field is the command that runs
+	<B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+> on the first virtual terminal.
+	
+		<A
+NAME="AEN1797"
+HREF="#FTN.AEN1797"
+>[2]</A
+>
+	</P
+><P
+>If you wanted to add terminals or dial-in modem lines to a
+	system, you'd add more lines to <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/inittab</TT
+>,
+	one for each terminal or dial-in line. For more details, see the
+	manual pages <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+>, <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>inittab</TT
+>,
+	and <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+>.</P
+><P
+>If a command fails when it starts,
+	and <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> is configured to
+	<TT
+CLASS="LITERAL"
+>restart</TT
+> it, it will use a lot of
+	system resources: <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> starts it,
+	it fails, <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> starts it, it fails,
+	<B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> starts it, it fails, and so on, ad
+	infinitum. To prevent this, <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+> will keep
+	track of how often it restarts a command, and if the frequency
+	grows to high, it will delay for five minutes before restarting
+	again.	</P
+></DIV
+><H3
+>Notes</H3
+><TABLE
+BORDER="0"
+CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
+WIDTH="100%"
+><TR
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="5%"
+><A
+NAME="FTN.AEN1760"
+HREF="x1752.html#AEN1760"
+>[1]</A
+></TD
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="95%"
+><P
+>Using the command <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>kill -HUP
+		1</B
+> as root, for example </P
+></TD
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="5%"
+><A
+NAME="FTN.AEN1797"
+HREF="x1752.html#AEN1797"
+>[2]</A
+></TD
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="95%"
+><P
+>Different versions of
+		<B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>getty</B
+> are run differently. Consult
+		your manual page, and make sure it is the correct
+		manual page.</P
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><DIV
+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
+BORDER="0"
+CELLPADDING="0"
+CELLSPACING="0"
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="c1705.html"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="book1.html"
+>Home</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="x1812.html"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="top"
+><B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>init</B
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="c1705.html"
+>Up</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="top"
+>Run levels</TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+></DIV
+></BODY
+></HTML
+>
+\ No newline at end of file