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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBook HTML 1.0//EN">
+<HTML
+><HEAD
+><TITLE
+>What login does</TITLE
+><META
+NAME="GENERATOR"
+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet"><LINK
+REL="HOME"
+TITLE="The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
+HREF="book1.html"><LINK
+REL="UP"
+TITLE="Logging In And Out"
+HREF="c1905.html"><LINK
+REL="PREVIOUS"
+TITLE="Logins via the network"
+HREF="x1944.html"><LINK
+REL="NEXT"
+TITLE="X and xdm"
+HREF="x1988.html"></HEAD
+><BODY
+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
+TEXT="#000000"
+><DIV
+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
+><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
+BORDER="0"
+CELLPADDING="0"
+CELLSPACING="0"
+><TR
+><TH
+COLSPAN="3"
+ALIGN="center"
+>The Linux System Administrators' Guide</TH
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="x1944.html"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="80%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+>Chapter 8. Logging In And Out</TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="x1988.html"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN1956"
+>What <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>login</B
+> does</A
+></H1
+><P
+>The <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>login</B
+> program takes care of
+	authenticating the user (making sure that the username and
+	password match), and of setting up an initial environment for
+	the user by setting permissions for the serial line and starting
+	the shell.  </P
+><P
+> Part of the initial setup is outputting the contents of
+	the file <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/motd</TT
+> (short for message of the
+	day) and checking for electronic mail.	These can be disabled
+	by creating a file called <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>.hushlogin</TT
+> in
+	the user's home directory.  </P
+><P
+> If the file <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/etc/nologin</TT
+>
+	exists, logins are disabled.  That file is typically
+	created by <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>shutdown</B
+> and relatives.
+	<B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>login</B
+> checks for this file, and will
+	refuse to accept a login if it exists.	If it does exist,
+	<B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>login</B
+> outputs its contents to the terminal
+	before it quits.  </P
+><P
+> <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>login</B
+> logs all failed login attempts in
+	a system log file (via <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>syslog</B
+>).  It also logs
+	all logins by root.  Both of these can be useful when tracking
+	down intruders.  </P
+><P
+> Currently logged in people are listed in
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/var/run/utmp</TT
+>.  This file is valid only
+	until the system is next rebooted or shut down; it is cleared
+	when the system is booted.  It lists each user and the terminal
+	(or network connection) he is using, along with some other useful
+	information.  The <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>who</B
+>, <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>w</B
+>,
+	and other similar commands look in <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>utmp</TT
+>
+	to see who are logged in.  </P
+><P
+> All successful logins are recorded into
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>/var/log/wtmp</TT
+>.  This file will grow without
+	limit, so it must be cleaned regularly, for example by having
+	a weekly <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>cron</B
+> job to clear it.
+	
+		<A
+NAME="AEN1980"
+HREF="#FTN.AEN1980"
+>[1]</A
+>
+		
+	The <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>last</B
+> command browses
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>wtmp</TT
+>.  </P
+><P
+> Both <TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>utmp</TT
+> and
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>wtmp</TT
+> are in a binary format (see the
+	<TT
+CLASS="FILENAME"
+>utmp</TT
+> manual page); it is unfortunately not
+	convenient to examine them without special programs.  </P
+></DIV
+><H3
+>Notes</H3
+><TABLE
+BORDER="0"
+CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
+WIDTH="100%"
+><TR
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="5%"
+><A
+NAME="FTN.AEN1980"
+HREF="x1956.html#AEN1980"
+>[1]</A
+></TD
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="95%"
+><P
+>Good Linux distributions do this out
+		of the box.</P
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><DIV
+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
+BORDER="0"
+CELLPADDING="0"
+CELLSPACING="0"
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="x1944.html"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="book1.html"
+>Home</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="x1988.html"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="top"
+>Logins via the network</TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="c1905.html"
+>Up</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="top"
+>X and xdm</TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+></DIV
+></BODY
+></HTML
+>
+\ No newline at end of file