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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBook HTML 1.0//EN">
+<HTML
+><HEAD
+><TITLE
+>Disabling a user temporarily</TITLE
+><META
+NAME="GENERATOR"
+CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet"><LINK
+REL="HOME"
+TITLE="The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
+HREF="book1.html"><LINK
+REL="UP"
+TITLE="Managing user accounts"
+HREF="c2018.html"><LINK
+REL="PREVIOUS"
+TITLE="Removing a user"
+HREF="x2152.html"><LINK
+REL="NEXT"
+TITLE="Backups"
+HREF="c2187.html"></HEAD
+><BODY
+BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
+TEXT="#000000"
+><DIV
+CLASS="NAVHEADER"
+><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
+BORDER="0"
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+CELLSPACING="0"
+><TR
+><TH
+COLSPAN="3"
+ALIGN="center"
+>The Linux System Administrators' Guide</TH
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="x2152.html"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="80%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+>Chapter 9. Managing user accounts</TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="10%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="bottom"
+><A
+HREF="c2187.html"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"></DIV
+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN2166"
+>Disabling a user temporarily</A
+></H1
+><P
+> It is sometimes necessary to temporarily disable an
+	account, without removing it. For example, the user might not
+	have paid his fees, or the system administrator may suspect that
+	a cracker has got the password of that account.  </P
+><P
+> The best way to disable an account is to change its shell
+	into a special program that just prints a message. This way,
+	whoever tries to log into the account, will fail, and will
+	know why. The message can tell the user to contact the system
+	administrator so that any problems may be dealt with.  </P
+><P
+>	It would also be possible to change the username
+	or password to something else, but then the user
+	won't know what is going on. Confused users mean more
+	work.
+	
+		<A
+NAME="AEN2171"
+HREF="#FTN.AEN2171"
+>[1]</A
+>
+
+	</P
+><P
+> A simple way to create the special programs is to write
+	`tail scripts':
+
+<PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+>#!/usr/bin/tail +2
+This account has been closed due to a security breach.
+Please call 555-1234 and wait for the men in black to arrive.</PRE
+>
+
+	The first two characters (`<TT
+CLASS="LITERAL"
+>#!</TT
+>') tell the
+	kernel that the rest of the line is a command that needs to be
+	run to interpret this file. The <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>tail</B
+> command
+	in this case outputs everything except the first line to the
+	standard output.  </P
+><P
+>	If user billg is suspected of a security breach,
+	the system administrator would do something like this:
+
+<PRE
+CLASS="SCREEN"
+><TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>#</TT
+> <TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>chsh -s /usr/local/lib/no-login/security billg</B
+></TT
+>
+<TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>#</TT
+> <TT
+CLASS="USERINPUT"
+><B
+>su - tester</B
+></TT
+>
+This account has been closed due to a security breach.
+Please call 555-1234 and wait for the men in black to arrive.
+<TT
+CLASS="PROMPT"
+>#</TT
+></PRE
+>
+
+	The purpose of the <B
+CLASS="COMMAND"
+>su</B
+> is to test that the
+	change worked, of course.  </P
+><P
+> Tail scripts should be kept in a separate directory,
+	so that their names don't interfere with normal user commands.
+	</P
+></DIV
+><H3
+>Notes</H3
+><TABLE
+BORDER="0"
+CLASS="FOOTNOTES"
+WIDTH="100%"
+><TR
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="5%"
+><A
+NAME="FTN.AEN2171"
+HREF="x2166.html#AEN2171"
+>[1]</A
+></TD
+><TD
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+VALIGN="TOP"
+WIDTH="95%"
+><P
+>But they can be <I
+CLASS="EMPHASIS"
+>so</I
+>
+		fun, if you're a BOFH.</P
+></TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+><DIV
+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
+><HR
+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
+BORDER="0"
+CELLPADDING="0"
+CELLSPACING="0"
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="x2152.html"
+>Prev</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="book1.html"
+>Home</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="c2187.html"
+>Next</A
+></TD
+></TR
+><TR
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="left"
+VALIGN="top"
+>Removing a user</TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="34%"
+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="c2018.html"
+>Up</A
+></TD
+><TD
+WIDTH="33%"
+ALIGN="right"
+VALIGN="top"
+>Backups</TD
+></TR
+></TABLE
+></DIV
+></BODY
+></HTML
+>
+\ No newline at end of file