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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBook HTML 1.0//EN">
+<HTML
+><HEAD
+><TITLE
+>The hardware and software clocks</TITLE
+><META
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+REL="HOME"
+TITLE="The Linux System Administrators' Guide"
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+COLSPAN="3"
+ALIGN="center"
+>The Linux System Administrators' Guide</TH
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+><TR
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+><A
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+><TD
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+>Chapter 11. Keeping Time</TD
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+><A
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+><DIV
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><H1
+CLASS="SECT1"
+><A
+NAME="AEN2451"
+>The hardware and software clocks</A
+></H1
+><P
+> A personal computer has a battery driven hardware clock.
+	The battery ensures that the clock will work even if the rest of
+	the computer is without electricity.  The hardware clock can be
+	set from the BIOS setup screen or from whatever operating system
+	is running.  </P
+><P
+> The Linux kernel keeps track of time independently from
+	the hardware clock.  During the boot, Linux sets its own clock
+	to the same time as the hardware clock.  After this, both clocks
+	run independently.  Linux maintains its own clock because looking
+	at the hardware is slow and complicated.  </P
+><P
+> The kernel clock always shows universal time.  This way,
+	the kernel does not need to know about time zones at all. The
+	simplicity results in higher reliability and makes it easier
+	to update the time zone information.  Each process handles time
+	zone conversions itself (using standard tools that are part of
+	the time zone package).  </P
+><P
+> The hardware clock can be in local time or in universal
+	time.  It is usually better to have it in universal time,
+	because then you don't need to change the hardware clock when
+	daylight savings time begins or ends (UTC does not have DST).
+	Unfortunately, some PC operating systems, including MS-DOS,
+	Windows, and OS/2, assume the hardware clock shows local time.
+	Linux can handle either, but if the hardware clock shows local
+	time, then it must be modified when daylight savings time begins
+	or ends (otherwise it wouldn't show local time).  </P
+></DIV
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+CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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+ALIGN="LEFT"
+WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
+WIDTH="100%"
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+WIDTH="33%"
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+><A
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+>Prev</A
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+>Home</A
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+>Next</A
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+><TR
+><TD
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+>Keeping Time</TD
+><TD
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+ALIGN="center"
+VALIGN="top"
+><A
+HREF="c2432.html"
+>Up</A
+></TD
+><TD
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+>Showing and setting time</TD
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+>
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