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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//Norman Walsh//DTD DocBook HTML 1.0//EN">
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>The Linux System Administrators' Guide</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet"><LINK
REL="NEXT"
TITLE="Dedication"
HREF="f23.html"></HEAD
><BODY
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
><DIV
CLASS="BOOK"
><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="TITLE"
><A
NAME="AEN2"
>The Linux System Administrators' Guide</A
></H1
><H2
CLASS="SUBTITLE"
>Version 0.6.1</H2
><H3
CLASS="AUTHOR"
>Lars Wirzenius</H3
><DIV
CLASS="AFFILIATION"
><P
CLASS="LITERALLAYOUT"
> <TT
CLASS="EMAIL"
><<A
HREF="mailto:liw@iki.fi"
>liw@iki.fi</A
>></TT
><br>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="ABSTRACT"
><P
>An introduction to system administration of a Linux
system for novices.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="LEGALNOTICE"
><P
></P
><P
>Copyright 1993--1998 Lars Wirzenius.</P
><P
>Trademarks are owned by their owners.</P
><P
>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim
copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this
permission notice are preserved on all copies.</P
><P
>Permission is granted to process the document source
code through TeX or other formatters and print the results,
and distribute the printed document, provided the printed
document carries copying permission notice identical to this one,
including the references to where the source code can be found
and the official home page.</P
><P
>Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified
versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim
copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is
distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to
this one. </P
><P
>Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations
of this manual into another language, under the above conditions
for modified versions.</P
><P
>The author would appreciate a notification of modifications,
translations, and printed versions. Thank you.</P
><P
></P
></DIV
><HR></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="f23.html"
>Dedication</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="f26.html"
>Source and pre-formatted versions available</A
></DT
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="c31.html"
>Introduction</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c31.html#AEN56"
>The Linux Documentation Project</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="c63.html"
>Overview of a Linux System</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c63.html#AEN69"
>Various parts of an operating system</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x83.html"
>Important parts of the kernel</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html"
>Major services in a UNIX system</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN97"
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>init</B
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN117"
>Logins from terminals</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN129"
>Syslog</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN133"
>Periodic command execution: <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cron</B
> and
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>at</B
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN147"
>Graphical user interface</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN152"
>Networking</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN158"
>Network logins</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN171"
>Network file systems</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN176"
>Mail</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN191"
>Printing</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x94.html#AEN200"
>The filesystem layout</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
></DD
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="c212.html"
>Overview of the Directory Tree</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c212.html#AEN218"
>Background</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x267.html"
>The root filesystem</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x338.html"
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc</TT
> directory</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x463.html"
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev</TT
> directory</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x472.html"
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr</TT
> filesystem</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x531.html"
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/var</TT
> filesystem</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x595.html"
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/proc</TT
> filesystem</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="c701.html"
>Using Disks and Other Storage Media</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c701.html#AEN721"
>Two kinds of devices</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x747.html"
>Hard disks</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x787.html"
>Floppies</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x801.html"
>CD-ROM's</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x811.html"
>Tapes</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x817.html"
>Formatting</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x876.html"
>Partitions</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="x876.html#AEN881"
>The MBR, boot sectors and partition table</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x876.html#AEN905"
>Extended and logical partitions</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x876.html#AEN920"
>Partition types</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x876.html#AEN1008"
>Partitioning a hard disk</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x876.html#AEN1024"
>Device files and partitions</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html"
>Filesystems</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1031"
>What are filesystems?</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1048"
>Filesystems galore</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1104"
>Which filesystem should be used?</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1107"
>Creating a filesystem</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#MOUNT-AND-UMOUNT"
>Mounting and unmounting</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1278"
>Checking filesystem integrity with <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>fsck</B
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1301"
>Checking for disk errors with <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>badblocks</B
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1315"
>Fighting fragmentation</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1321"
>Other tools for all filesystems</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1029.html#AEN1334"
>Other tools for the ext2 filesystem</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="x1366.html"
>Disks without filesystems</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1384.html"
>Allocating disk space</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="x1384.html#AEN1386"
>Partitioning schemes</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1384.html#AEN1404"
>Space requirements</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1384.html#AEN1413"
>Examples of hard disk allocation</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1384.html#AEN1439"
>Adding more disk space for Linux</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1384.html#AEN1443"
>Tips for saving disk space</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
></DD
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="c1450.html"
>Memory Management</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c1450.html#AEN1456"
>What is virtual memory?</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1466.html"
>Creating a swap space</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1495.html"
>Using a swap space</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1529.html"
>Sharing swap spaces with other operating systems</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1532.html"
>Allocating swap space</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1551.html"
>The buffer cache</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>6. <A
HREF="c1582.html"
>Boots And Shutdowns</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c1582.html#AEN1588"
>An overview of boots and shutdowns</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1602.html"
>The boot process in closer look</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1650.html"
>More about shutdowns</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1684.html"
>Rebooting</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1693.html"
>Single user mode</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1697.html"
>Emergency boot floppies</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>7. <A
HREF="c1705.html"
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>init</B
></A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c1705.html#AEN1717"
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>init</B
> comes first</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1752.html"
>Configuring <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>init</B
> to start <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>getty</B
>: the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/inittab</TT
> file</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1812.html"
>Run levels</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1852.html"
>Special configuration in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/inittab</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1880.html"
>Booting in single user mode</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>8. <A
HREF="c1905.html"
>Logging In And Out</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c1905.html#AEN1911"
>Logins via terminals</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1944.html"
>Logins via the network</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1956.html"
>What <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>login</B
> does</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1988.html"
>X and xdm</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x1991.html"
>Access control</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2008.html"
>Shell startup</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>9. <A
HREF="c2018.html"
>Managing user accounts</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c2018.html#AEN2024"
>What's an account?</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2031.html"
>Creating a user</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="x2031.html#AEN2042"
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/passwd</TT
> and other informative files</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2031.html#AEN2072"
>Picking numeric user and group ids</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2031.html#AEN2077"
>Initial environment: <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/skel</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2031.html#MANUAL-ADDUSER"
>Creating a user by hand</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="x2124.html"
>Changing user properties</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2152.html"
>Removing a user</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2166.html"
>Disabling a user temporarily</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>10. <A
HREF="c2187.html"
>Backups</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c2187.html#AEN2193"
>On the importance of being backed up</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2206.html"
>Selecting the backup medium</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2216.html"
>Selecting the backup tool</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2240.html"
>Simple backups</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="x2240.html#AEN2247"
>Making backups with <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tar</B
></A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2240.html#AEN2288"
>Restoring files with <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>tar</B
></A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="x2315.html"
>Multilevel backups</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2405.html"
>What to back up</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2417.html"
>Compressed backups</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>11. <A
HREF="c2432.html"
>Keeping Time</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="c2432.html#AEN2438"
>Time zones</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2451.html"
>The hardware and software clocks</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2457.html"
>Showing and setting time</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="x2504.html"
>When the clock is wrong</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="g2516.html"
>Glossary (DRAFT)</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="f23.html"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
>Dedication</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>
|
